Osteoporosis and Radio Ad Essay

Radio Ad We know many people worry about the risks of getting arthritis and osteoporosis, as well as injuries from falls as you start climb the latter called age. We are doing this radio ad in promoting a healthier Muscular system well in to your retirement age. Although some chronic disease risk factors such as (family history, age or sex) are not able to be modified and so cannot be incorporated into prevention strategies, these factors can help to identify people or groups at high risk of developing a disease, enabling a targeted approach. The modifiable risks factors are common to all chronic disease which includes diet, weight, exercise, alcohol intake and smoking. It is important to understand that adopting healthy lifestyle behaviors will reduce the risk of all chronic diseases, including arthritis and musculoskeletal conditions. A balanced diet will help to achieve a healthy weight and body. When increasing the intake of calcium also absorption of vitamin D will assist in reducing risks of developing arthritis and osteoporosis. Regular exercise aids in the prevention of musculoskeletal conditions, and it helps to alleviate and reduce joint pain and stiffness and build strong muscle around the joints. People who are obese are at higher risk of arthritis or osteoporosis due to the increased load across the weight bearing joints, and increasing the stress on cartilage and ligaments. People who reduce their smoking and drinking will reduce the risks for low bone mass, low bone strength, and low body weight. Having a healthier life style gives you a fun filled days right into your retirement years.

Analysis of Kraft Foods

[pic] Kraft Food Analysis of Kraft Food Kraft Foods is an American food and beverage multinational company. It produces and markets many brands to more than 170 countries, and 12 of its brands earn more than $1 billion worldwide annually (â€Å"Kraft Foods†, 2011). Most of the food products which we consume everyday belongs to this company. For instance, some of well-known brands are Jacobs and Maxwell, Milka and Toblerone, Tang and Cipso. It is the successful and popular leading food companies of the world. So, Kraft Foods will be reviewed in terms of values and promises that it communicates with consumers and employees, communication and job satisfaction respectively. Values of the company are shared among its employees. First value of the company is its employees. The company highlights the importance of its employees and their contribution to the company. It emphasized that hardworking and passionate workers, who constantly seeks ways to make content consumers by finding innovation, make the company what it was. After it, Focus, Passion, Speed, Teamwork and Trust are listed as the most important values of company. Those five values describe fundamental structure of organizational process. Firstly, focus on what is needed to improve the business and focus on what is important to make customers happy is like starting point of the process. Generating innovation according to needs is second value of the company. After focus and innovation, Passion which is motive of making better outcome in each work, the next value in order to reach the most desired outcome. You can manage focus, innovation and passion, but you also have a speed as a fourth value of company in order to compete with other food companies. As it is known in the beginning of the paragraph, employees are the key agents who make the name of brand. So, it is normal that fifth value is the teamwork. The final value of it is trust which is the fundamental block of teamwork and organizational communication. Firstly, the company promises to be open and inclusive, because it sees this value as a critical value to create a high-performing organizational culture. Being open to different perspectives make innovation easy and better. It claims that openness and inclusiveness to diversity are so embedded into their way of doing business and into every department of it. They constitute its blocks of organizational culture. Taking into account every possible different perspectives and evaluate them is one of promises which the company gives to its employees. Also, it guarantees that discrimination or harassment based on age, race, disability, national origin, religion, sex, sexual orientation or any other legally protected status are not allowed. If the company is able to approach diversity in a positive manner, this gives workers feeling of recognition and makes them more motivated. When we want to give concrete example, 43% of their mployees are women and 35% of management team is constituted by females. It shows us that there is no gender discrimination on hiring and it opens up to gender diversity. Secondly, it promises employees that they will be work in an international environment. For instance, they can be participated into European/International projects. Other than it, they can join into short-term overseas assignments, and then join into l onger-term assignments when they develop in their career path. Moreover, the company assures training and development programs for employees in order to reach their best level of expertise. These programs are like job training, cross functional projects and corporate training programs. It also promises giving feedback about how employees’ outcome contributes to the business in general. It is obvious that the promises of the company are motivating factor for employees. When we take into account both values and promises of the company, we can conclude that we are open to all ideas, we can discuss about them in a participative context, we can decide collectively and finally we deliver what we decided to others in order to make them be aware of what is going on the company. Their motto is â€Å"We discuss. We decide. We deliver. † The company uses variety of internal communication channels. Social and sports activities are among the practices which HR department prefer to use as internal communication channels. Employees can join sports teams and organized social events including a winter ski day, summer golfing day and a winter family fun day during the holidays. Those enjoyable events are organized by the company-subsidized social committee. They make work atmosphere better and improve communication among workers. It also creates a sense of equity, because every employee has equal access to them. In addition to this, employees can have a chance of socializing and increasing interaction with their co-workers by providing richly physical workplace which contains the fitness facility with free membership, employee lounge with foosball and television, quiet room for meditation and reflection, and a nap room for employees who need a quick break during the day, cafeteria with healthy menus and subsidized meals. While those places offer many opportunities for employees, they can facilitate the internal communication at the same time. The company thinks that every people has different ways of absorbing news and information, every people can use different channels, therefore the company must use very different channels to communicate with its employees. The Kraft Foods is relatively very successful in this issue. It uses face-to-face communication activities such as town hall meetings and lunch-and-learn sessions. Moreover, it has its corporate intranet and internal blog sites. Newsletters, news magazines and e-business updates are also available for employees. The company is also in Facebook. It shares company news. Their community involvement projects and sustainability efforts are announced here. The most important application of it is that some of the Kraft Foods team join to talk about their own areas of expertise to enable information sharing and facilitates internal communication. One of internal communication channel of the company which is very popular is iPhone. Kraft employees use their iPhones for sending email, organizing calendar, and saving contacts. Kraft employees can listen to audio messages, dubbed â€Å"Kraft Casts,† from the CEO and other executives on their iPhones. They are so useful to stay up-to-date on the latest corporate strategies and branding initiatives. It can be also very effective to improve [pic][pic][pic] downward communication. It makes easy information flow from top people in the company like CEOs to all employees. Learning company future strategies or plans by reading from a bulletin is less visual and live compared to by listening and watching from iPhone. There have been many community involvement projects within organization. Employees organized national and international charitable organizations with the support of company. For instance, in my view, the welfare activities serve two functions for the company. Firstly, they can make employees from all levels of organization together. They are one of social events and internal communication channels. They can work for an interdependent goal cooperatively during these charities. Employees from different departments can have a contact with each other and can improve their social relationships with co-workers. In this way, internal communication among employees can be facilitating thanks to them. [pic][pic][pic] Secondly, they can also become an external communication channel for the company. We can encounter much news in the social media when the company performs a charitable activity or subscribes to a relief fund. The company can communicate its brand externally thanks to this news. They can make contribution to the respectability, reliability of company, and at the same increases brand awareness at the same time. In sum, we can consider charitable organizations as both internal and external communications channels. Employer brand of the company is one of external communication channels of it. It can communicate itself through its brand name. While it creates its brand with what it did in the market, the brand creates the company at the same time. There is a reciprocal relationship between two. It can tell the reputation and image of the company in the market via its brand. At the same time, this external communication channels can be a motivating factor for the employees and for the upcoming new employees. The more famous and prestigious brand is, the more people want to work in this company. Its reputation in the market will attract the new employees. Upward communication is less applied in organizations than downward communication. Although there is an open and inclusive workplace for generating diverse ideas, we can not know whether this freedom is also seen in performance evaluation of managers by subordinates. There is not available information about whether subordinate appraisals of managers are applied or are not. Appraisals of supervisors which are done by the subordinates can give feedback about the performance of supervisors. If they take into account these feedbacks, they can be more effective in their working process and managing process. As employees start to recognize that heir feedback is taken into account, upward communication can be also provided. On the other hand, the company has spread all around the world. For instance, one manager who is from Europe can supervise the employees who are from very different and far away country. Thanks to the ways the Internet enables communications like teleconference, a manager can work for a far away office of the company (Waltner, 2010). Although it has so me advantages like company can choose best manager by basing on performance, not basing on location, it can be a barrier to upward communication. While networks for teleconference are available more easily when there is a meeting between senior managers from different departments, it can accessed more difficulty when more subordinate employee need it to communicate with managers. Moreover, the other factor is cultural differences. How much employees want to share their ideas about managers can be change according to culture. For instance, in more collectivistic culture, people can think that making criticism about a person can be perceived as offense by him. So, they don’t want to share its views about him in order to conform existing situation. They can fear of being evaluated negatively by their managers if they give negative feedback about their managers. So, suggestion or complaint boxes can be a good solution for those employees. Attitude surveys are one possible ways of improving upward communication. However, if the results of those surveys about the performance and effectiveness of manager are not taken into account by managers, they have no value (Aamodt, 2010). So, managers also organize a time for discussing the feedback with employees face to face. Although Kraft Foods has those kinds of surveys like many international companies, in my view, it can not effectively discuss its result with subordinates. Because, some employees have still reported some upward communication problem in a website that employees can report reviews about their company anonymously. One of employees says that there is low level of employee participation in decision making. Also, he suggested that the company should take into account the employee surveys (Kraft Foods Employee Review, 2011). Along with that comment, Kraft should initiate more democratic and participative style of management. It can improve upward communication if employees are able to generate ideas or share their concerns about process by including in the decision-making process. The company has all of the channels of communication which are essential in downward communication like bulletin boards, annual reports, newsletters, annual fact sheets or intranets. Although much of communication in organization is downward when compared with upward and although most of channels are available, still downward communication can not reach perfect level. For instance, although the company has a policy manuals or annual reports, they can not function properly, because they have a very technical language. Employees have to read themselves. Interactive meetings to discuss about current company news can be more effective than only transmitting corporate news and facts through written material. For instance, although Kraft Foods Senior Financial Analyst says that the company has many benefits, he suggests that it should improve communication and especially downward communication from middle management (Kraft Food Employee Review, 2011). Although the company has many channels, still some managers don’t really share essential things with employees. Some of them don’t set a proper guideline for what employee will do to achieve its goals. They don’t healthy share about what, when and how employees will do a task. They think that employees have already known those things, because they are their work. They have a problem in taking employees’ perspectives. So, people managerial positions can be received training programmes to improve their communication skill with their subordinates and make them aware of needs and strivings of their subordinates. Do employees really satisfied with their jobs? For instance, Dieter Follens who is the manager of Product Costing Coffee in Kraft Foods Europe said about the company is that it did not provide only a job for him, but it also provides a career in Finance for him. He had worked as an assistant with internal controls, a financial analyst, a cost controller, finance manager in our European Union (EU) Office after Belgium, and product cost manager respectively. This shows us that Kraft Foods provides employees job rotation. It is one of motivating factors of the company. They can satisfy the needs of growth and challenge. Employees feel less boredom and feel more motivated to their jobs. Also, they can understand better how they contribute to the development of the company (Robbins & Judge, 2011). Understanding the effectiveness of individual outcome and the significance of task which are among five core dimensions of Job Characteristic Model explains the satisfying effects of job rotation. Also, Mr. Follens indicated that awareness of contributing to the the growth f company make him satisfied and engaged with job, an even he added that when contribution took place in different ways, then satisfaction turns into real pleasure for him. His comments obviously showed us that job rotation and changes in the job characteristics make workers satisfied. This is the example of satisfied employee. It is impossible to expect that all employees feel and think same things about the company and their position. Also , Dieter works in organizational part of the company. We can analyze Kraft Food Company as focusing separately on white collar workers and blue collar workers. It is a big multinational manufacturing company in the field of food and beverage, so most of its employees are blue collars, in other words, they are hourly workers. While flexile work options were useful for professional employees, they are not good for manufacturing ones. Therefore, employee dissatisfaction was observed among hourly workers in 2001 and 2002 surveys. Fast Adapts Program was prepared in order to decrease the dissatisfaction. It provided workers shift-swapping, single-day vacations and job sharing. Changes in work options make increase in the level of satisfaction one year later (Executive Office of the President Council of Economic Advisers, 2010). The underlying factor that made this improvement was the autonomy, because it offered plant managers the autonomy in deciding the best suitable flexible work options for their own plant and implementing them. One empirical study showed that when the perceptions of nurses about opportunity of structural empowerment changed, changes in psychological empowerment and so in job satisfaction were observed. It means that employees feel more motivated to work and satisfied with their job when they can make work related decisions that will affect themselves (Laschinger, Finegan, Shamian, & Wilk, 2004). We can also form a relationship between this employee empowerment strategy and the Job Characteristic Model. It proposes that any job has five basic dimensions: Skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, feedback. The most relevant dimension to the empowerment programs in Kraft Foods is the autonomy. It can be defined as the degree of freedom which job offer employees about scheduling the work and deciding procedures to implement it. This freedom makes employees more satisfied and intrinsically motivated to job over time by providing to them experienced responsibility and recognition (Robbins & Judge, 2011). We can observe the same pattern in workers of Kraft foods. There are basic key motivators for employees. As in the most companies, compensation and benefits are among key motivator factors of Kraft Foods. For instance, Canada Kraft offers great financial benefits like bonuses for some employees (depending on the position), new employee referral bonuses (up to $1,000 for some positions), and year-end bonuses (to $100,000). Also, it provides health benefits plan including fertility drug treatments. In addition to this, it offers an employee store with discounted food products, dinner catering services (called the â€Å"Kraft Kafe 5 O'Clock Solutions† to take home meals). Also, it provides maternity leave with 100% of salary for 17 weeks. Performance management is one of motivator factors of Kraft Foods. For instance, employees receive individual performance reviews every 6 months in Kraft Canada (Yerema & Leung, 2011). In order to evaluate employees better, managers enroll training programs how to make effective performance reviews. Also, performance evaluation is not only based on one manager’s views, but also it is based on co-workers and other managers who know the employee. In addition to this, it takes a consultant service to make employee satisfaction and engagement surveys better and professionally. In relation to performance management, the most important motivating factor of the company is the training and skills development opportunities for employees. Two motivators are very much related to each other. As the company makes proper performance management, it can organize better training programs according to developmental needs of employees. For instance, Kraft Canada offers tuition subsidies for courses that are related to employees’ position for the development of them. Moreover, it provides professional accreditations; in-house training programs; online training programs; new employee orientation program. In addition to this, the company offers skills development outside the position of employees in Kraft test kitchens like food tastings, cooking classes and culinary presentations. Also, Kraft Foods North America (KFNA) promotes intranet provides professional development resources for its employees including access to training and mentoring. Values and ethics are among key motivator factors of the company. There is an available 15 pages document of Codes of conduct and Kraft Foods Rules of Behavior in the website of the company. It is also translated so many other languages in order to communicate its compliance and values correctly and efficiently with employees from different nations. It states 10 rules which all employees have to be obeyed. For instance, one of the most important rules of it is behaving people fairly. There are some missing motivating factors for employees in the company like clear career path. For instance, Cristina Monterrey who is Human Capital Senior Manager at PricewaterhouseCoopers emphasized that Pwc provide a clear career path to employees. Each employee knows what will be his position in five years. Thanks to this knowledge about their future work life, employees feel more secure and certainty. In this way, employees feel more committed to their work and companies. Other than themselves, an agent helps them organizing their future. Worries about future which can cause stress destroyed in this way and employees work passionately. But, in the case of Kraft Foods, although it provides feedback about performance and training programs according to these feedbacks, there is no available information about a structured career program for employees. In order to make employees more motivated, career plans can be provided for them. Kraft Foods Category Planner in Glenview said that Kraft Foods is a lucrative place to work, but the employees earn every cent they make due to extremely long work hours (Kraft Food employee review, n. d. ). Although he reported that there were lots of opportunities, he paid attention to work load especially for employees with a family. Long work hours can create stress problems, because employees can not balance their work and family life properly. Long hours can be a fundamental dissatisfying factor and it can harm performance along with effect of stress. In my view, there can be some modifications in work schedule. For instance, they can provide alternative or flexible work schedules. Employees start to feel more control over their work by deciding their own working hours. This autonomy and positive effect of change on family life can make employees more motivated to their jobs. References Aamodt, M. G. (2010). Industrial/Organizational Psychology. USA: Wadsworth Cengage learning. Executive Office of the President Council of Economic Advisers. (2010). Work-life Balance and the Economics of the Workplace Flexibility. Kraft Foods. (2011). In Wikipedia. Retrieved November 19, 2011, from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Kraft_Foods. Kraft Foods Employee Review (2011). Retrieved from http://www. glassdoor. com/Reviews/Kraft- Foods-Reviews-E13294. htm. Laschinger,H. K. S. , Finegan, J. E. , Shamian, J. , & Wilk, P. (2004). A longitudinal Analysis of the Impact of Workplace Empowerment on Work Satisfaction. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25, 527–545. Robbins, S. P. , & Judge, T. A. (2011). Organizational Behavior. New jersey: Pearson. Yerema, R. and Leung, K. (2011). Chosen as one of Canada's Top 100 Employers and Greater Toronto's Top Employers for 2012. Retrieved from http://www. eluta. ca/top-employer-kraft-canada. Waltner, C. (2010). Networking Communications for the Global Corporation: An Interview with Kraft Foods CIO, Mark Dajani. Retrieved from http://newsroom. cisco. com/feature-content? type=webcontent&articleId=5305212. [pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic]

Cottle India

Cattle should focus on rural and semi-rural areas as their mall battlefield. Situation Analysis: Strength: 1 . Cattle providing superior quality products with high reputation In the market. 2. At has a strong market position and brand Image due to Its advancement In technology and Innovation. 3. TTS toothbrush product line Is extremely competitive, which It has Invested in growing It toothbrush manufacturing capacity and Improving productivity. They product mix can be adjusted to meet demand without relying on the expensive and risky import process. 4.Only providers of the Battery operated toothbrushes, biggest advantage capture share in market in future. Weakness: 1. Director Patella did not see value in building relationship with seed distributors and small-store owners. 2. Its communication is very weak in rural areas. Opportunity: 1 . India people lack knowledge and understand about Cattle Tailor's product and its effects. 2. Its product are not more popular in rural areas and se mi urban area, so it has change to expand its business and product awareness in rural area with help of increase percentages advertising and promotions.Threats:l . Other two strong competitors (Hand-Dalton and Sardinia) have a good reputation in markets and Cattle has threats to be captured its market share. Positioning Analysis: Good positioning strategy leads good marketing strategy, and improve customer knowledge and attracts them to purchase the product. Positioning creates an image for the product based on its customers. Image can be created by UP. Product:Analysis which product(low end, mid-range and battery-operated) offers the customer value, and If not, then how to do they change their product to meet customer needs and satisfaction.

Professionalism in context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Professionalism in context - Essay Example Transgression of these boundaries has meant that society has greatly suffered. In view of this information, this paper will explore professionalism based on a news article as well as some of the laws that have been passed to ensure that professionalism is adhered to. Background Information According to a news article in the Guardian by Joe Curtis, Mr. Patel who worked in a Magistrates Court in Britain made a promise that he would influence the results of a court case. He said would only do this if the victim in the case was willing to pay for the favour. The sum to be paid was put at ?500 (Curtis 2011). He was a clerk in the administrative department of the court. After the fraud was discovered, he was arrested and faced several charges in court for obstruction of justice as well as corruption. If convicted, Mr. Patel faces a maximum jail term of ten years. The man will be prosecuted under the new Bribery Act which came into effect in June 2011 (James 2011). Among other things, this laws places strict laws and penalties for civil servants who engage in bribery activities and also companies which offer bribes to other institutions in order to gain favour from the institutions (Curtis 2011). This is a major step in the reduction of corruption charges in the country as it will keep people on their toes when it comes to corrupt practices. Professionalism and Ethics Professionalism is the ability of a person to perform his duties as required by law and guidelines of the career. Professionalism has been thought to be a complimentary feature of ethics and thus people are expected to be ethical at all times while practicing their professions. Debate has centred on whether ethics and professionalism are part of the same process or one can be implemented separately from the other (Kultgen 1988). Ethics is a major part of society and involves identification of conflicting choices. For a choice to be termed as ethical, it must bring out the greatest good fro the greatest n umber of people. A simpler definition of ethics is the choice between what is considered wrong by society and what is termed right (Driver 2006). All ethical decisions are reasonably acceptable by the majority. However, there are some issues that may bring conflicts as decisions made in such cases seem to be continuously controversial with no specific group of people rooting for or opposing such decisions. There are different codes of ethics depending on the profession. One of the best known ethical guideline is the oath taken by doctors. These codes play a major role in the development of an organization as well as to the development of the career for a person (Shah, Farooq, Munir, Mahmood, & Saeed, 2011). Despite the differences in the codes of ethics in most careers, the goal of all organization is to achieve the best output for the organization and for the consumers. Failure to adhere to such codes of ethics can lead to disastrous outcomes for the organization such as the collap se of various organizations in the world (Ferrell & Ferrell, 2011). The employees of an organization have the responsibility of ensuring that they adhere to such codes so as to promote professionalism in the company. The leaders of the institution should play a leading role in the development of an ethical culture in the organization. The UK, upon realizing the importance of professionalism in its controlled interests, developed a law that would enable it to fight

The Debate surrounding the Legalization Marijuana and your position on Research Paper

The Debate surrounding the Legalization Marijuana and your position on the issue - Research Paper Example The drug was essentially sold as tincture which was a medicinal tea and was quickly adapted by the English cultures. The Indian government regulated the circulation of the drug where it required the importing nations to use it for medicinal and scientific purposes only. Today, marijuana can be consumed through different forms which include smoking, as a vaporizer, cannabis tea or as edibles. Cannabis can be termed as hemp; if it is an annual herb used for non drug purposes (Jonathan, Hawken, Kilmer and Kleiman 4). The product is used for industrial purposes which are licensed by the government. The industrial hemp produces fiber which is used as fuel as a by-product. The hemp seeds can further be consumed as food by human beings. The use of marijuana has the benefit of improving the economy of the States. The benefit can be realized through taxation which generates income to the legalized States and the nation as a whole. The income realized can be used to fund government projects and promote educational campaigns across institutions (Burnham 23). According to Burnham Para 44 marijuana legalization promotes the creation of jobs. The marijuana industry is exponentially growing which can directly and indirectly promote the creation of jobs. The industry employs numerous people, who are engaged in the cultivation, manufacturing, distribution, consumption and advertising of the drug. Decriminalization of marijuana necessitates the reduction of crime. The sale and distribution of the drug can be regulated so as to prohibit illegal trading which can be upheld by educational campaigns so as to reduce marijuana related offenses (Burnham 76). The offenders can further be educated on the effective measures to curb frustrations and their illegal motives. Burnham 102 confirms marijuana contains active components of cannabinoids which have medical benefits in the human life. The cannabinoids have potential elements which modulate pain, increase

Risks and Complications of Abortion Procedures Essay

Risks and Complications of Abortion Procedures - Essay Example The typical risks and complication of the surgical abortion include excessive bleeding, injury to the uterus and cervix, and infection of the uterus and the fallopian tubes (State of Alaska). Medical abortion involves the use of specific drugs to kill the unborn child. The commonly used drugs include mifepristone, methotrexate, prostaglandins, and salt poisoning. Mifepristone is an inhibitor of the progesterone hormone, and disrupts the lining of the uterus. The disruption deprives the fetus nutrition, as well as protection, and eventually the unborn child dies (American Life League). Methotrexate affects the growing cells of the fetus and other support systems. Injection of the salt to the amniotic fluid renders the child lifeless through dehydration, bleeding, and convulsion (American Life League). The possible complications of the medical abortion include hemorrhage, infection, and severe pain (State of Alaska). Chemical abortion procedures entail the use of drugs that disrupt the implantation of the baby. The method causes the death of the fetus. The common methods of chemical abortion comprise of Ortho-Evra, NuvaRing, Depo-Provera Contraceptive Injection, and Plan B. Ortho-Evra and NuvaRing suppress the gonadotropins, and make the implantation of formed baby impossible by disrupting the uterus lining (American Life League). Similarly, Plan B and Depo-Provera Contraceptive Injection cause thinning of the endometrium. The potential risks and complications consist of headaches, drug reactions, inability to conceive, vomiting, and nausea (State of

The knowledge management plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The knowledge management plan - Assignment Example e travel and hospitality industry, British Airways understand the significance of constant improvement in the attitudes of its many employees by encouraging them to refine, adapt and transmit their knowledge in a way that it would benefit the Company and its customers (British Airways, 2010a). This report investigates the current techniques employed by British Airways in managing the knowledge being transferred within the organisation. As a result of this, some recommendations are made about how British Airways can revamp its knowledge management processes for better outcomes. Some of the suggestions put forward in this knowledge management plan aim at transforming the day-today operations at British Airways by emphasizing the needs to input new ideas into the organisational management in a way that it would reflect quality in the array of services offered by British airways. British Airways is one of the global airline companies that pay much attention to its knowledge management challenges, having realised that the success of the Company in the future strongly depends on how well its employees value the prospects of efficient knowledge transfer and processing. Hence, British Airways has adopted the following techniques to achieve this purpose: Starting from 1998, British Airways has implemented a programme meant to facilitate, process and disseminate appropriate knowledge of its services among its many employees across the continents (Ahmed et al., 2001). This project was designed to encourage smooth transfer of applicable knowledge from one branch of the British Airways to another using the latest information technology. It was during this period that BA customized and implemented its Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) that simplifies the process of information gathering, processing, categorising and dissemination (Shanks et al., 2003). Cross-company knowledge management project provides BA employees to know how the offices in the United Kingdom are handling

Corruption in Russia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5750 words - 1

Corruption in Russia - Essay Example Russia is one of the â€Å"G8† countries. The G8 group’s interim compliance report,1 at the Sea Island Summit in 2004, mentions Russia’s failures in controlling the levels of corruption while translating its undertakings into action. As on the date of the report, Russia had not ratified the U.N. Convention against corruption2 though action to ratify had been under way. The report says that corruption in Russia has become so pronounced that, the country has gone down to 90th position in Transparency International’s Corruptions Index in 2004. It had been already at the 83rd position in 2003.3 It makes a passing reference to President Putin’s handling of affairs of Russia’s second largest oil company ‘Yukos’ which has since been taken over by the Government.4 Vladmir Popov in his article â€Å"Russia Redux’ referred to new Russia as the â€Å"Shock therapy era† characterized by huge economic, political and human costs. The article further stated that the country is far better than it was seven years ago but worse than it was twenty years ago alluding to Boris Yelstin’s turbulent years marked by moral bankruptcy. Russia’s GDP, investment and life expectancy figures are yet to reach at 1989 levels. President Putin’s priority has been to regain the lost institutional capacity of the state and stability via re-centralization. Despite best efforts the country has not been able to do much for equitable distribution of wealth. 46.6 percent of wealth is concentred in the hands of 20 per cent of the population. The informal practices which Georgi Derlugian attributes to ‘persistent under-institutionalisation of Russian life’, have been the breeding ground of corruption at all levels in Russia. The absence of institutions has opened up avenues of personalism and nepotism. During the years from 1996 to 2000, Oil Company of Kursk Oblast, pharmacies, public security and cultural affairs were under the control of the then-governor Alexander

Wal-Mart Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Wal-Mart Strategic Management - Essay Example But certainly the situation was not the same in the late 1950s or early 1960s, when Wal-Mart began its operations. Porter's five forces analysis proves to be quite useful in finding out the attractiveness of an industry. Porter came out with the five forces analysis, which helps in analyzing the attractiveness of an industry by taking into account different aspects of the business. Porter's Five Forces have become a yardstick for assessing industry profitability. This helps the retailer in consistent performance and planning. The five forces are; Suppliers: In today's context, large supermarkets like Wal-Mart have the overwhelming advantage over the small shopkeepers, as they are in a position to dictate the price they pay to the suppliers. The situation may not be as challenging for suppliers as now, but the lucre of supplying large quantities to reputed companies had always been there, as it helps the suppliers to leverage the economies of scale. Well, the number of stores of Wal-Mart and its presence was not as prevalent as today, but we must also take into account that the population and number of customers too was less. Therefore, even if we go back by about 55-60 years, we could easily figure out that the power of suppliers was not substantial enough to dictate terms to Wal-Mart. This helped the company to further strengthen its discount retail business. Competition: Competition in the retail business is a relatively newer phenomenon. The era of colonialism can very well be said to have given shape to the trend of globalization, but the roots of modern era of globalization came on the horizon in the late 1970s or early 1980s. Policies of liberalization by many countries around the world provided the all important catalyst to the modern era of globalization. There were indeed some reputed companies like K-Mart, Sobeys Inc, Family Thrift Centre etc in the retail business when Wal-Mart came out its concept of discount retail business, which might have given interesting competition to Wal-Mart even during those early days. Potential Entrants: Looking at the number of retailers and timeline of their origin, it becomes quite clear that the retail business seemed to attract quite a few entrepreneurs. Dan's Super Market, Wally's Supermarkets etc. are some of the new entrants during the 1950s, which found the retail business quite attractive. Therefore, while carrying out the discount retail business, the threat of new entrants was quite genuine one for the company even during those days. Buyer/ Customer's Power: If we go by the present circumstances, it is amply clear that today the customer is indeed treated like a king. Today companies believe in trying all out efforts to invite the attention of the customers and provide them with attractive discounts, better quality products and services. But the situation

Racial Discrimination Essay Example for Free

Racial Discrimination Essay Racial discrimination involves treating someone unfavorably because he/she is of a certain race or because of personal characteristics associated with race such as skin color. Race here can mean that people belong to different countries, castes or different geographical regions within a country. It is unlawful to harass a person because of that person’s race or color. Harassment can include offensive or derogatory remarks about a persons race or color, or unfair treatment due to differences in race. Racial discrimination has existed for eons now and while we’d like to believe that it has reduced or is non-existent in the society we live in today, the fact of the matter is that it still exists and can be felt in different facets of the society even today. Mahatma Gandhi was a victim of racial discrimination years ago in Africa because he was an Indian despite the fact that he was a very well educated professional lawyer. He was thrown out of a train at midnight merely because he was an Indian. We, Indians, faced cruel and intense racial discrimination in our very own country at the hands of the Britishers only because we were Indians ! Racial discrimination prevailed at every step and every part while the British ruled us. Indians were not allowed to share the same space with Britishers. â€Å"Dogs and Indians† not allowed†¦well that is the kind of injustice Indians faced at the hands of the Britishers. There were schools where Indians were not allowed, In offices, Indians could never get to the top ranks and even at social gatherings, Britishers would not allow Indians entry. What’s ironic is that we still suffer the aftermath of this racial discrimination even 60 years after independence†¦we still believe that it’s a priviledge to be fair skinned†¦.companies in India make millions selling fairness creams not just for women, but even men ! This is not all. We have created and still live by the caste system which leads to discrimination on various accounts. Discrimination also exists due to people belonging to different states or geographies within our country. Racial discrimination has been the worst against the Dark skinned or Blacks as we know them in the Western world. The likes of Nelson Mandela have fought hard against it but it still exists today. God made us all the same. The blood that runs in our bodies is the same. Our brains think alike and our hearts feel the same too then why have we created a demon like racial discrimination, which even after years of education and civilization, we can’t get rid of ? Let Us, the future of this country pledge that we would free our minds and souls and never be a part of racial discrimination in any way. Thank You !

Dissociative Identity Disorder Case Study for Interventions

Dissociative Identity Disorder Case Study for Interventions Elizabeth Flores STUDY Claireese Jones is a 16 year old African America teenager living in Harlem, New York. She is the only child of Mary Jones. Claireese has two children, one boy and one girl. Claireese daughter, Mango, is four years old and is diagnosed with Down syndrome but lives with Claireese grandmother. Her youngest son, Abdul is eight months old. Claireese is attending, Each One, Teach one, Alternative School and is currently in the eight grade. She is currently not working. B. Setting Harlem’s Women Center is a shelter for women who have children and were physically or mentally abuse. They work with women to reduce the physical, psychological and emotional trauma and the recurrence of domestic violence, sexual assault and incest experience by many of their clients. They work to secure their physical, emotional well being, individual freedom and economic equality. The agency offers counseling, legal services, childcare services, parenting classes, support groups and job readiness and job placement for their clients. The agency receive 97% of their revenues from government grants. C. Reason for referral Claireese was referred because she was recently homeless and was placed in a halfway house. She was referred by Ms. Rain, her teacher, who reported that she found Claireese in school, sleeping with her 3 day old son because her mother tried to kill her when she return home from the hospital. Claireese needs various services so she can eventually get her own place and support her children independently. She will need daycare services, so she can still continue to attend school, and earn her high school diploma. The social worker from the Welfare department reported that Claireese needs counseling to address experiences that were traumatic to her life. She will need extensive counseling. She needs to learn how to manage and care for her well being since she is already overweight and possible future health issues she will encounter in the future because of her diagnosis of HIV. Claireese has also experience episodes of blanking out and daydreaming. D. Description and Functioning of Client Claireese is considered overweight for her age. Her clothes are clean and she is always wearing cosmetic jewelry to match her outfits. She has her hair done and wears it differently. She can be verbal and nonverbal when talking to her at times. Client seems to be daydreaming when we discussed certain events in her life. She uses a lot of inappropriate language to describe how she feels. E. Physical and economic environment Claireese lives in a halfway house with her two children in Harlem, New York located in Manhattan. She receives a stipend while she attends school. She is also on welfare where she receives cash assistance and food stamps. She attends, Each One Teach One, Alternative school, Monday through Friday, in the day time. F. Current Social Functioning (as reported by parents/caregivers or child/teen or obtained from written reports) Claireese is estranged from her mother due to her abusive behavior towards her and her children. She has not seen her father since he last raped her, which is before she was pregnant. She knows that her grandmother would like to help her but is aware that she is also afraid of Mary. Client’s daughter, Mango, lived with great grandmother so client can attend school. Mary blames Claireese for being raped by her father and even accuses Claireese of stealing Marys boyfriend. Mary told her she is fat because she eats too much. Her mother never encourage her to attend school and told her it was a waste of time. Her mother is always telling Claireese, she is too stupid to learn anything. Claireese reported she never had a boyfriend but wish that she can have one in the future even though she feels she is too ugly and fat. She had two pregnancies that occur from her being raped by her father. Claireese is a currently attending Each one, Teach One, alternative school, pursuing her High school Diploma so she can teach her children something. The client’s teacher, Ms. Rain, motivated Claireese to want read and write by encouraging her to do her best. She was surprised by her success in her ability to read and that she was actually beginning to write. Her sense of personal competence is in development; she states that she did not think that she was very smart, but that her class work and successes are changing that opinion of herself. She is grateful for having John, Ms. Rain, her friends for their support and encouragement. She never thought that there would people who would really care for her. The client’s primary social supports are her peers and her teacher in the school. G. Personal and family history relevant to focus of assessment Claireese was sexually abuse since the age of three by her biological father, which produced two children. She has also been mentally and physically abuse by her mother. There is also a possibility of sexual abuse by her mother. Claireese just recently learned that she contracted the HIV disease from her father who recently died of the disease. Claireese grandmother took cared of Mongo, so Claireese can go to school and Mary can still collect welfare based on fraud. Claireese has always depended on her mother up to now, even though moms have lived off of Claireese’s welfare check. ASSESSMENT Psychological functioning Intellectual functioning- Client was not able to read or write but express interest in Math. Since attending the alternative school, client has been able to improve her reading and writing skills. Reality testing- Poor, client seems to suffer from delusions. Whenever the client is dealing with stressful experiences, she is not listening and seems to be out of tune at the moment. She explains that she daydreams and imagines that she is someone else living a different lifestyle. She is not aware what is happening to her at the time of incident. She also images that the pictures in her photo album talks to her. Coherence – Unimpaired, despite the client having delusions and has an imagination she can maintain on task whenever she is not dealing with stressful events. Impulse control-Good, Client tries to control her behavior by not getting herself in any more trouble than she has to. She has gotten herself transfer from her old school not only because of her being pregnant again because she threaten the principal. Judgment- Good; client have been able to make good judgments. She continues to go to school, so she can teach her children and earn her diploma. Memory/recall- Poor: she can recall some but not all information that pertains to her traumatic experiences and whenever she addresses those experiences she goes into her fantasies. Coping style- Poor; Client has never been able to deal with her traumatic experiences in a healthy way, even though she uses her imagination to forget what happened. Defense mechanisms: Poor: Client daydreams and uses her imagination as a way to cope with stressful experiences. Insight- Poor; Client has no idea how her traumatic experiences contributes to her mental issues. Self-Perception-Fair; client has the confidence that she needs to complete school and even with her illness she is confident she can still provide for her children. Emotional Functioning Ability to express feelings- Good, she is able to express how she feels. Rage of emotions-unimpaired: Client can express herself if she is more open to talking about how she feels. Once she sees that people care for her she can discuss how she is feeling. Appropriate of affects-Impaired; Client seems to avoid talking about specific events, she will change the topic so the focus is not on her. This may be the client way of denying what happen. Predominant mood- Poor; Client is depress and sad. Social/behavior functioning 1. Ability to form relationships – Unimpaired; client demonstrates an ability to form relationships as evidenced by her ability to develop friendships with peers in her school. She also developed a friendship with one of the male nurses at the hospital. 2. Social skills/social competence – Poor; client demonstrates a lack of social skills. 3. Overall role performance – Improving; client’s role as mother is improving, she is now taking care of both her children and continues to attend school. Her role as a student is great; she continues to improve her grade level reading. She went from reading at a second grade level to an eighth grade level. 4. Other functional behaviors, if appropriate – Good; client has developed relationships through her school. Client has no other friends other than school. D. Environmental issues and constraints affecting the situation. 1. Family – Poor; family is not supportive; mother is emotionally unstable and abusive towards Claireese. Her grandmother is too afraid of Mary, so she would not be able to assist Claireese. 2. Agency – Great; this agency is able to provide significant support in providing necessary services that Claireese needs. She has the availability of a daycare, so she can continue her education. She will receive housing assistance, so she can transition from the halfway house into her own place. 3. Community – Moderate; client’s neighborhood provides affordable housing and it is near public transportation and the school that she attends. 5. Physical Constraints, if appropriate – Poor; client recently discovered she is HIV positive and future health concerns associated with the illness will become a problem for her. 6. Economic Constraints, if appropriate – Fair; client has limited income from TANF and food stamps and she is currently living in a half way house. E. Motivation and commitment to services Claireese is very motivated in continuing her education. She wants to get her High School diploma. She wants to be able to learn how to read and write. She feels that if she continues to learns how to read and write, she can teach her children. Despite the fact that she has HIV, she clearly feels she still can be successful and do for her children, what her mother didnt do for her. She wants to prove to her mother that she is wrong. Her motivation is influence by her wanting a better future for her children. F. workers understanding of clients presenting situation/problem (person-in-environment) Client seems to be experiencing symptoms of Dissociative Identity Disorder. These symptoms include flashback, amnesia and emotional numbness. When dealing with stress, client escapes reality by daydreaming. She may have developed this disorder due to her traumatic experiences, starting with her being raped by her father. Whenever the client experience stressful events, she has fantasies about her being famous and being someone else, she even sees herself as a white blond girl. Client has no control over her daydreaming. She seems to not remember how she was first raped. Psychoanalytic theory help explains that client’s problems can be associated with painful childhood experiences that can sometimes be repressed. These repressed memories can shape the clients feelings, thoughts and behavior. These repress memories can be seen as defense mechanism (Robbins, Chatterjee, Canda, 2012). The client uses her fantasies as a way of ignoring what is happening at the present time, which is not healthy as the client condition can worsen and create maladaptive behaviors. Client repressing these traumatic experiences may explain how the client coped with these experiences. It is important to look at Erickson’s stage theory because it recognizes the importance of a person’s social location and the interaction between other individuals rather than just the family system. (Berzoff et al., 2011). Since, the client family system is not the strongest support system, the school staff and students are important people that provides positive feedback to the client. This will help the client learn to establish positive future relationships. Strengths Perspective is an approach to understanding the client in terms of her strengths, abilities, motivations, knowledge and available resources. (Guo Tsui, 2010) These qualities help the client the ability to solve their problems. This also can give you an idea how the client, who experienced many events in her life, overcame these obstacles and continues to attend school. (Robbins et al., 2012) They also talk about the courage an individual may have. She had the courage to confront her mother and finally leave the house in order to protect her children. Strengths Perspective focuses on the social environment as having many resources that can help individuals overcome obstacles. People have the ability to learn, grow and change. Client has the abilities to continue to grow so she can provide for her children. References Berzoff, J., Flanagan, L. M., Hertz, P. (2011). Inside Out And Outside In (3rd ed.). Maryland: Rowman Littlefield. Robbins, S., Chatterjee, P., Canda, E. (2012). Contemporary Human Behavior Theory (3rd ed.). Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. Guo, W., Tsui, M. (2010). From resilience to resistance: A reconstruction of the strengths perspective in social work practice. International Social Work, 53(2) , 233-245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872809355391

An Analysis of Joseph Nye’s Use of “Soft Power” and its Relationship wi

An Analysis of Joseph Nye’s Use of â€Å"Soft Power† and its Relationship with Morality in International Relations Recently, the United States has lost a great deal of power in the international arena because of its invasion of Iraq and torture of prisoners of war. The United States holds an incredible edge in military capabilities over any other nation and the US benefits from the largest economy in the world. In a world where there is one single superpower, why is that superpower unable to force-feed policy through coercion or payoff? Theoretically, the US ought to be able to rule the world with a double-edged sword of military muscle and economic supremacy. These tangible aspects of power should be all that US needs to be the prevailing global power, yet it obviously lacks some x-factor if its military and economic preponderance has remained and the US has lost power. Traditionally, State power has been viewed without concern for morality. In most accounts, morality did not play a role in power, or reacted counterproductively towards power. The main school of thought in International Relations on the concept of State power, realism, is founded on self-interest and follows the mantra â€Å"might makes right.† The Realists believe that a nation should only act in a manner which enhances or advances its own national interest at all costs despite morality and the interests of other nations. A nation cannot successfully navigate the muddy waters of International Relations by waging war and imposing trade sanctions upon all of those who oppose that nation. The second viewpoint on State power is based purely in morality. Idealism requires self sacrifice for the overall good of the global community. Physical power should perform as ... ...attackindex.htm McKillen, Elizabeth. â€Å"The Unending Delete Over Woodrow Wilson and the League of Nations.† Diplomatic History. Nov. (2003): 711-716. Nye, Joseph S. Jr. Bound to Lead. New York: Basic Books, Inc., 1990. ---. â€Å"The Changing Nature of World Power.† Political Science Quarterly. 105(2) (1990): 177-192. ---. The Paradox of American Power. New York: Oxford UP, 2002. ---. â€Å"Power and Interdependence in the Information Age.† Foreign Affairs. Sept.-Oct. (1998): 81-95. ---. â€Å"Redefining the National Interest.† Foreign Affairs. July-Aug. (1999): 22-30. ---. Soft Power. New York: Public Affairs, 2004. ---. â€Å"The velvet hegemon: How soft power can help defeat terrorism.† Foreign Policy. May-June (2003): 74-75. Rothgeb, John M. Jr. Defining Power: Influence and Force in the Contemporary International System. New York: St. Martin Press, 1993.

Evaluating Algebra 1 Textbook & Reading Strategies Essay -- Education

Introduction In Yorba Buena high school, English Language Learning (ELL) student face obstacles connecting with the textbooks and comprehending the academic content. Section 10.1 of the Algebra 1 textbook (Larson, Boswell, Kanold & Stiff, 2007) is analyzed for comprehensibility and strategies to support students to connect with the text at intellectual level (Vacca, Vacca & Mraz, 2011). The chapter ten of the textbook will be thought at a tenth grade class during the week of March 11, 2012. Most of the learners in this Algebra 1 class are classified as level three and level four ELL students (California department of Education, 1999) and most of the students speak fluent conversational English. A page from section 10.1 of the Algebra 1 textbook is included (Appendix A, Figure x), page consist of about 250 words and defines five new content specific low frequency vocabulary. Text book Analysis Section 10.1 of the Algebra 1 textbook analysis is performed in the context of a specific classroom, students, reading proficiency, and learning goals. In essence textbook is evaluated from reader’s perspective and the learning of complex and abstract mathematical models. Chapter 10 objective is to develop foundation to graph and solve quadratic equations (Larson, Boswell, Kanold & Stiff, 2007). Applicable California Common Core Content Standards for Mathematics are moderately vigor and requires students to: 1. Complete the square in a quadratic expression to reveal the maximum or minimum value of the function it defines. (Common Core Standard A-SSE-3b) 2. Create equations in two or more variables to represent relationships between quantities; graph equations on coordinate axes with labels and scales (limit to linear and quadratic). (Co... ...(Exhibit C, Figure 3) of Concept Definition (CD), (Vacca, Vacca & Mraz, 2011, p.256). Graphic organizers are effective tool in conjunction with sheltered instructional pedagogy to scaffold ELL students to access grade level content. â€Æ' Works Cited California department of Education. (1999). Retrieved on March 10, 2012 from http://www.cde.ca.gov/be/st/ss/documents/englangdevstnd.pdf California department of Education, K-12 California’s Common Core Content Standards for Mathematics (2010). Retrieved March 10, 2012 from http://www.scoe.net/castandards/agenda/2010/math_ccs_recommendations.pdf Larson, R., Boswell, L., Kanold, T. D., & Stiff, L. (2006). Algebra 1. McDougal Littell/Houghton Mifflin. Vacca, Richard T., Vacca, Jo Anna L., and Mraz, Maryann (2011). Content Area Reading: Literacy and Learning Across the Curriculum(10th Edition). Boston: Pearson.

Analysis of Field Experience Essay -- essays research papers fc

â€Å"Analysis of Experiences†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"ANALYSIS OF EXPERIENCES† Part 1 I have taken several psychology courses at Southeastern Oklahoma State University. I believe that SOSU is a very prestige school and the Psychology Department. The Psychology Professors’ are outstanding teachers and mentors. The Psychology courses that I believe have helped me the most through my Field Experience at the Crisis Control Center would have to be, Abnormal Psychology, Psychology of Personality, Interviewing Skills, Social Psychology, and Psychology of Adjustment. These courses that I have listed have helped me through this internship more than I could have ever known. Being at the shelter on a daily basis, you will experience different personalities, abnormal behavior, and many adjustment problems with our clients and their children. Not only have the courses prepared me for my field experience, but I have to admire my professors, they have helped through this internship tremendously. If I ever had any questions to ask or just someone to talk to these professors in the Psychology Department were always there to lend a hand, or just to listen to what I had to say. They would help in anyway that they could. I also have to brag on the Communication Department for their hard work. I believe that Psychology and Communication goes hand in hand with one another and if I had not taken courses such as Listening, Group Communication, and Family Communication I would not have come as far as I have in my internship. Part II. Going into my field experience I was certain that I would want to be a counselor, and work with people in an office setting on a daily basis. After completing my internship at the Crisis Control Center I have found what I would like to do as a career. I now like the legal part of the Crisis Control Center. This semester I have mainly worked with our court advocate for the Crisis Control Center. Although the support counselors at the shelter are wonderful, our court advocate goes beyond her call of duty. She helps victims of domestic violence everyday. She is on call 24/7 and has made many trips to the hospital for victims of domestic violence and sexual assault. She will try to get them the Justice they deserve. We go to court every week with our victims to help them with protective orders, and to give... ...   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Arrange the tasks in the order you’ll need to do them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Estimate how long each task will take. Be sure to allow enough time for editing and making changes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Identify the date the report is due, and then set a schedule showing what work you’ll need to do each day in order to have your report ready on time. 2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Add interest   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Use graphs and charts to illustrate an idea.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Add a picture, photo, or drawing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Include a map.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Find a quotation and use it to make your point. 3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Make every word count   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Choose words your reader will understand. Remember that you want to communicate your ideas to the person reading your paper.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Avoid clichà ©s.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Use a thesaurus to replace overused words and find new ways to express your ideas.

DBQ Essay: Green Revolution Essay

The researches that formed and became the Green Revolution changed the agricultural technologies of many places and peoples. The Green Revolution was an introduction of a new technology of scientifically bred crops that went worldwide. In 1945 the Green Revolution started as leaders addressed the issues of hunger and starvation with the Green Revolution as the solution, and although it helped many people at the time, the Green Revolution is debated today whether it environmentally crushed many societies or was a worldwide helpful event. The Green Revolution was caused by the people seeing their need to overcome starvation and advance technologically within their communities. In document 3 Harry Truman addresses the issue of poverty and starvation in other countries. He talks to the people that the United States should help them realize their aspirations for a better life through technological knowledge. This document is taken from Harry Truman’s inaugural address in Washington D.C., in 1949. His speech provides an insight into Truman’s deep concern for the people of the world and the evident need for a change. In document four Dr. Norman states that hunger is a serious issue and vital attribute to a country’s survival, and that the new technology of the Green Revolution could be the solution. This document is taken from the point of view of Dr. Norman Borlaug, a United States scientist involved in Green Revolution research, who is a Nobel Peace Prize winner at a Nobel Lecture in 1970. Dr. Norman is a very creditable source with his first hand knowledge of the Green Revolution. In document five Chidambaram, India’s minister for food and agriculture from 1964-1967, describes in his interview the farmers in Punjab and their role in starting the revolution there in attempt to save their people. The world at this time was desperate for a solution to their starvation problems and the Green Revolution was the solution. The Green Revolution obtained many beneficiaries of its easy and productive style. When examining the charts in documents one and two, coming from the very reliable source of Food and Agriculture Organizations of the Untied Nations (FAO), you see the substantial growth of wheat yields in India and Mexico, and the populations along with the food supply index. In document 6 there is  a conversation about the Mexicans and how they have chosen to use their riches benefitted from the Green Revolution. This document is written from Mrs. Dula’s opinionated point of view, a wife of a Mexican agricultural official. She condescendingly makes a remark about how the Mexican woman love to save the money, only to go out once a month to spend it all shopping in Tuscon. In document nine taken from the Human Development Report issued by the State of Punjab, India in 2004, it shows us the positive social effect that occurred there because of the Green Revolution. The caste system disappeared as the middle and peasantry classes arose because of farming. Also within the Punjab communities, the new lifestyle attained from the Green Revolution produced a more nuclear and close-knit family that benefited Punjab. The Green Revolution saved many from starvation, increased success in various places, and positively affected the societies. Alongside many benefits of the Green Revolution, some documents conclude many problems that negatively affected people who participated in the Green Revolution. In document seven, taken from the FAO newsletter circa 1987, the role of women is clearly shown to change within the household. Women now had to be forced into low paid or unpaid agricultural labors because of the increased needs for cash incomes. In document eight Dr. Vandana Shiva wrote in her article about how Punjab has suffered from the Green Revolution. Although Punjab is known as one of the most successful places because of the Green Revolution, she explains how two decades of the revolution have left them with conflict over diminishing wate r sources and indebted and discontented farmers. In document 10 the Mayans are largely saddened by the misuse of their precious seeds. The Green Revolution sterilized and contaminated the seeds that were a proud aspect of Mayan heritage, leaving the Mayans unhappy after standing firm defending the seeds after five thousand years. These negative effects of the Green Revolution stay with some places still today and are considered to have altered beautiful farming lands. The documents given gave an insight far into the Green Revolution and what really happened within the areas it took place, although other additional documents would be helpful as well. A document of a letter or interview of the farmers in Punjab at the time of the revolution would be helpful to clarify how the farmers felt about the work of the Revolution, if it was strenuous or simple. This would allow an accurate idea of how the revolution affected the people who made it  possible. Another document of journal or interview of an impoverished person within the places that starvation took hold would be helpful. This would allow insight on whether the countries really wanted the help of the Green Revolution, not just the acknowledgement by other countries, like in document three, of their impoverished state. The documents given about the Green Revolution provide evidence about the truth of the causes and consequences of it. The Green Revolution began in 1945 because of our realization of the issues that prevented countries from aspiring to their true potential, and with that acknowledgement the Green Revolution came into play as a hug advancement in agricultural technology that helped many people as it also negatively affected others. Whether the Green Revolution was good or bad for the areas it took hold in, its effects can be seen today and analyzed.

Differences in the Myths of the Toad, the Snake, and the Medicine

The Limba people of Africa live in different villages, and each village puts its own spin on the myths that are passed down from generation to generation. One of these myths focuses on the god Kanu making medicine to immortalize the Limba, and the destruction of that medicine by the toad. There are three versions of the myth of the destruction of the medicine, but they vary in several ways. The first myth, â€Å"The Toad Did Not Love Us,† suggests that the toad dropped the medicine Kanu gave him on purpose.Although most Biblical tales paint the snake as a dangerous creature, in this myth the snake loved the people. This myth implies that Kanu finds it strange that the people kill the snake, but not the toad, considering that the snake loved them. This myth is also different because it mentions the â€Å"white people,† so the reader can be fairly sure that this myth was either thought up after European colonization, or it was modified to add them. The second myth,  "The Toad and the Snake,† tells that Kanu wanted to save both animals and people.Again, the toad insisted on carrying the human portion, and again he spilled it, but not out of ill will. The snake carried his portion, and arrived with it safely. While this myth is still about why the people die, it also points out that snakes live forever because of their medicine. Perhaps this idea came from seeing molted snake skins. The skin might come off, but the snake lived forever. The last myth, â€Å"The Toad and Death,† is a short version of the same myth, but it only concentrates on how the snake and toad feel about each other.They are enemies because they perpetually argue about who should have carried the medicine. This is not because one loved the people more than the other. It is simply a rivalry that goes on for eternity. This myth serves more as an explanation of why snakes and toads do not get along rather than why people die. These three short myths show how stories c hange as they are passed around and told by different people with different influences. It is intriguing to see how one tribe could have such varied views on the same tale.

Mobile Phone Simulation Essay

Introduction As advancement in technology becomes more and more rapid in development that many technological electronic devices will becomes obsolete before it is sold. As the average lifecycle of the many new products in the world today becomes shorter and shorter. This is the leading cause of obsolete inventory for manufacturers and retailers, where their inventory will not sell without being mark down. The other problem is that popular products will sell as soon as they hit the shelves and cause a stock out. As retailers learned to become leaner and work with manufacturers so they can continuously replenish stock when needed. That way it will help reduce the risk for both manufacturers and retailers. The people managing the supply chain must make accurate market prediction and allocate their resource to match the prediction. For the two lines of mobile phones that will be release in to the market, we will do everything described above. We will design the phone, take advice from forecasting tea m and then order production. After the production are the sales and the adjustments made in reaction to the market condition. The yearend sales result will tell us how much we made and board room meeting will give us feedback on how well we did. Design In designing the phone for year one, we decided to use basic model with no options added, just to test how it will do and to save on the cost of adding an option. That came to the cost of $130 for model A and $150 for model B. In year two, we decided to add the option of extra battery because we believed that extra battery life will result in greater demand for the phones. That came to the cost of $150 for model A and $170 for model B. In year three, we decided to add two options, the anti-theft and the speaker options. The reason we pick anti-theft is that we believe that anti-theft would be important to anyone who relies on their phone to perform day to day task and would not like to lose their phone. The speaker option was added the extra function on the phone, which we believe could boost sales. That came to the cost of $180 for model A and $200 for model B. In year four, we decided to go with a sleek design, the super-slim. The reason we pick this option was because we did not t hink the other options were viable except for this one. Two of the other options the anti-theft and the speakers did not get a good response from the year before so we exclude those options. The mini-DVD option was excluded because we did not think anyone would want to watch a movie on a tiny screen. In this design only the super-slim option was added and that came to the cost of $155 for model A and $175 for model B. Forecasting After finishing the design for the two phones the next part to do was Forecasting. For year 1the average for model A is 60k, and for model B its 30K. We decided to put the demand estimate for model A 60k, and for model B 26k.For year 2 the average for model A is 54k, and the average for Model B 31k. We decided to put the demand for model A 50k, and for model B 30K. For year 3 the average for model A is 63k and 27 for model B. we decided to put the demand estimate at 60k for model A, and 25k for model B. for year four the average for model A was 61k, and 24k for model B. we put the demand for model at 58k, and 20k. In year 1 we made record profit 40,986k, and made 29,146k in year 2, thus in year 3 we made record low 28,873k, in year four the company finish with 40,008k. In conclusion the information in the game helped a little. The game should give more insight information based on the customers. Besides the amount of forecast provided, little information was given in order to make a professional decision on sales. Productions For year one, as a team we choose to go conservative with the production approach. The things we choose to go with were Far Far Away supplier just because we really didn’t want to spend 2 million dollars extra just for a month shorter. Also with the Far Far Away supplier we decided to start with the month January just because the phones came out in May, and the shipping deliver was 4 month out. Also we went with Pretty Close supplier just because they delivered on time and was a lot cheaper with the price than the other supplier. For year two we went conservative again and went with the same suppliers. With this year we ran out of supplies so we were forced to rework the shipment so we could get more phones and of course that cost 2 million dollars but in the end it was worth it. For year three we changed things up and went with the Far away Supplier and that had change things up. We basically had to change which month to start production and how much we need. We also stayed w ith the pretty close supplier because they were always on point. Once again with this year we had to change things around because we were over stocking the shelves, so we spent the 2 million to send fewer phones from both suppliers. For the last year we went back to the original suppliers and things went well for us. The only problem we had was that we ran out of phones half way through the year and when we notice it was too late to change the amount of shipment we needed. Board of Director’s Feedback For the majority of the simulation, the responses from the board of directors were positive. In the first year, we received three votes from the board, but not without any constructive criticism. First time around, the board suggested that we think more about uncertainty of demand, the differences in the two products and when to over produce and when to under-produce. In the second year, we had once again received three votes from the board. This time, they suggested that we further consider the concepts of capacity allocation and production flexibility, internal dynamics and the use of overseas vs. domestic suppliers. As the third year came to an end, we again received three votes from the board. They then suggested that we consider the concepts of markdown costs as well as the correlation between the predictions from our analysts and their personalities, because their personalities may sometimes prevent them from making an accurate prediction. Finally, in the fourth year we receive d one less vote than the previous three years. As final pieces of advice, the board of directors stated that we need to better account for risk in making decisions, as well as to think about the differences in the two different models we were producing, and the concepts of stocking, holding and markdown costs. Recommendations Some recommendations to our competitors are to focus on what our company is producing, differentiate their products from ours, and new features on the devices to the changing market. Other companies must focus on our devices that we are producing. They must see what our company is producing and produce it better at a lower cost. They must also focus on our product so that they can differentiate their products from ours. If other companies can differentiate their product enough from ours and can make it a popular device then consumers will no longer want our style of phone and they’ll be attracted to their devices. Finally our competitors must give their devices new innovative features and functions so that the public eye is focused on these new changes and everyone is willing to pay for these new functions in their phones. Other companies must also view who our company is marketing our devices to. Our competitors can decide if they want to market to the same target market as u s or if they are willing to pick a different target market from ours. This is a big decision which can make or break their company. If our competitors decide to pick the same target market as us it will most likely result in higher marketing cost within each of our companies and both of our marketing budgets will have to go up. If our competitors decide to pick a different target market then they will have to make a decision on which market they wish to pick as their target market and our company will have to decide if we want to try to take this market from them or not. Conclusion In conclusion our simulation went very well; our company made good profit each year and our production line was consistent. Each year our product was obsolete so we would need to produce a new phone to keep up with changes in technology. This caused forecasting to be a major factor in our business we had to make sure we knew the right amount of each Model to be produced by our consumers. If we made any errors in forecasting we made sure to send the proper adjustments to our suppliers so that we were not left with too much surplus that would have to be marked down. It also seemed that the years that we had a shortage of a model ended up making us the most revenue. Overall the board of directors gave us positive reviews, each year we received multiple votes by the board and they had positive feedback to tell us. The simulation went very well and if we had more years we feel confident that we learned enough to maximize profits even more than we already have.

Theory X, Theory Y

Theory X, Theory Y by Douglas McGregor is a motivation theory. Douglas McGregor is a social psychologist and applied two sets of assumptions to the organizational structure called Theory X and Theory Y. His theory is based on managerial views of human beings. In his book, The Human Side of Enterprise, he outlined a new role for managers. He stated that managers should assist subordinates in reaching their full potential, rather than commanding and controlling. Theory X is negative and Theory Y can be stated as the opposite, positive. Douglas concluded that managers shaped their behavior towards workers based on either the X or Y views.Theory X presumes that average employees dislike work, are lazy, dislike responsibility, and must be coerced to perform. (text book citation pg 177) Theory X is focused on an authoritarian management style. Rewards and punishments are assumed to be the key to employee productivity. Employees have little to offer in terms of organizational problem solvin g. Under Theory X employees need to be controlled and threatened to get them working. Employees work for money and security only. According to theory X, appraisals and promotions occur on a regular basis.This view is based on that employees merely satisfy their lower-level physical needs and could not hope to be as productive. Theory Y supposes that employees like work, are creative, seek responsibility, and can exercise self-direction (text book citation pg 177). Theory Y is focused on a participative management style. The managers would take suggestions from workers. These type of managers relate to Theory Y employees and try to share ideas on how the work should be carried out and how it should be improved. The manager values the workers opinion. This type of leadership leads to high motivation.Theory Y assumes that there is an opportunity to align personal goals with organizational goals by using peoples own ambition for self fulfillment. Individuals go to work of their own acco rd, because work is the only way in which they have a chance of satisfying their need for achievement and self-respect. Effort in work is as natural as rest and play. Employees under Theory Y are motivated by many different factors apart from money. The most important reward is satisfaction of their ego needs. What is the relevance of this topic to the study of organizational behavior?The relevance of this topic to the study of organizational behavior is that every employee has some hierarchy of needs and alerting managers’ actions and views accordingly will lead to more motivated workers in an organization. Organizational behavior is the study of what people do in an organization and how their behavior affects the organization’s performance. (text book citation. Pg 11) Organizational behavior works towards improving the organization’s effectiveness and to establish an improvement and organizational change so that employees will be more productive and happy.In t urn those organizations will be more effective and efficient in achieving their goals through their employees. Theory X and Theory Y stated that employees can either be motivated by strict direction or allowed to work freely. Either one of these two theories would maximize an employee’s job motivation and would produce happy employees working towards the organizations goals. â€Å"The effectiveness of organizations could be at least doubled if managers could discover how to tap into the unrealized potential present in their workforces. (book citation) What are the strengths and weaknesses of the theory or idea? There are both strengths and weaknesses in Douglas McGregor’s, Theory X and Theory Y. Some of the strengths of Theory X and Theory Y are that it exposes the endless possibilities for creating opportunities for people to obtain personal satisfaction, knowledge, achievement, challenge, prestige, and other rewards through work. This theory offers opportunities for human resource development involvement in team-building sessions and management development.Douglas’s theory also offers those in supervisory positions a chance to gain some self-knowledge thus acquiring some insight in their managerial skills. Theory X and Y call for managers to examine their assumptions about human nature and see how these models lead to managerial practices. These assumptions will be reflected in management attitudes toward employees, the kind and amount of participation they allow, and the outcomes they expect. The strength of McGregor’s theory is its significance. When McGregor formulated his theory, companies competed on their ability to mass produce goods.Today, however, paying attention to the human aspect is a requirement if any organization. Without a powerfully motivated, highly skilled, self-reliant human resource, organizations do not stand a chance to survive, much less compete. McGregor’s theory provides the solution to problems related to the human aspect of an organization. Some of the weaknesses in McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y theory are that there is only so much money that can be offered as motivation and only so much control that can be applied. People change and so do motivators. McGregor states that a satisfied need no longer motivates.This theory has no evidence to support Theory X or Theory Y. There’s no validity in the assumption that managers who modify their actions or behaviors will lead to more motivated workers (textbook citation p177). It is part of the manager's job to exercise control and influence, and there are situations in which this is the only method of achieving the desired results because subordinates do not agree that the ends are desirable. What does the research say about the theory? Has it been supported by research? Cite the relevant research, and explain what it shows.Studies in relation to the application and observations of McGregor’s Theory X and Y views of managerial behavior and employee outcomes have been conducted and have shed some additional light on this topic. McGregor’s research has also been questioned for its practicality and usefulness. For instance, in Kopelman, Prottas, and Davis journal in the Journal of Managerial Issues (2008 (2) 255-271) they state that â€Å"the paucity of substantive research on the effects of Theory Y managerial assumptions/attitudes may be attributed to the absence of a construct valid measure that is freely available to researchers.How can McGregor’s theory be tested if the focal construct has essentially gone unmeasured? (p. 2697) McGregor’s theorizing about the effects of managerial assumptions has not been rigorously examined. (p. 269) . A construct-valid measure of the central concept was developed, as a critical first step in assessing the substantive validity of McGregor’s theorizing. During this research, a survey was given to undergraduate and gradu ate students in business. The survey consisted of four principal section s measuring Theory X and Theory Y attitudes and behaviors, faith in people, fast food opinions, and items relating to leisure time activities.The reasoning behind the survey was that Theory X/Y attitudes and assumptions would be closely related to Theory X/Y behaviors and that Theory X/Y attitudes and behaviors would be positively but distally related to generalized faith in people. The end results of the survey concluded that in order to construct validity of a measure should precede substantive research. Summarizing the research done by Kopelman, Prottas and Davis it was stated that theory Y attitudes, such as participative leadership should not be viewed as proxies for measuring managerial attitudes.Theory Y pertains to an individual difference variable reflecting assumptions about people at work-it is not a specific set of recommended management practices. (p. 267) In Kermally’s Book (p. 39) it state s that State you cannot and should not apply one set of assumptions to fit all situations. Again, the focus should be on individual differences and needs. There are groups of workers who would like to be directed and who are not keen on taking responsibility. Such workers would perform better under ‘autocratic managers’. According to the Harvard Business Review (p. 8) we need further investigation of what personality characteristics fit various tasks and organizations. The theory of motivation and organization will have to take account of the contingent relationship between task, organization, and people. Kermally, S. (2005). CHAPTER FIVE: Douglas McGregor (1906-1964). (pp. 35-41). Thorogood Publishing Ltd. Retrieved from Business Source Complete database. Morse, J. , ; Lorsch, J. (1970). Beyond Theory Y. Harvard Business Review, 48(3), 61. Retrieved from Business Source Complete database.

Qualitative versus Quantitative Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Qualitative versus Quantitative Research - Essay Example Participant viewpoints. A desire to explore and present the various subjective perspectives of participants is associated with qualitative research. Its privileging of subjectivity is also seen in the way that the interpretation of the data is influenced by the researcher’s own biography together with their involvement with people in the study. Small-scale studies. Qualitative researchers are interested in deep exploration in order to provide rich, detailed, holistic description as well as explanation. Therefore, small samples are the norm. Holistic focus. â€Å"Rather than directing their attention to one or two isolated variables, qualitative researchers tend to be oriented to a wide range of interconnected activities, experiences, beliefs and values of people in terms of the context in which they are situated. This provokes qualitative researchers to account for a multiplicity of dimensions and relationships in the context†. (Daymon, 2002, p. 23) Flexible. Although researchers have a topic and an agenda which fuel their research progress, they are usually committed to exploring new and often surprising avenues that emerge as informants reveal their understandings and interests. Research procedures may be unstructured, adaptable and sometimes spontaneous. At times the research process may even be described as rather ‘messy’ as researchers attempt to unpack the complexities of the social world of public relations and marketing communications. Natural settings. On the whole, qualitative investigations are carried out in people's natural environments such as in their offices or where they shop. This enables researchers to observe how they go about their routine activities and

The Brand Promotion of Tesco in Beijing City, Based on the Program of Essay - 1

The Brand Promotion of Tesco in Beijing City, Based on the Program of Sales Promotion of Tescos Products to housewives in Beijing - Essay Example Tesco is involved in below the line activities to keep the housewives attracted but it needs to focus more on such activities. The main problem that the firm is facing is that it cannot establish itself as a low priced retailer. This is because the housewives are knowledgeable about the market and know where to get the best price from. Thus Tesco needs to improve upon its promotional tools to face local competition and to alter the image the consumers have of the brand. The Chinese market is very different and has a lot of cultures. Thus Tesco has to adapt to the preferences of the different types of people. The firm uses all types of brand and sales promotion mediums, the rational modes of advertisements are still dominating the market. Television is overpowering other communication mediums like print medium and the internet. However, the firm should not only focus on the traditional mode of communication. Rather they should expand their horizon and try to use other mediums the internet and technology based marketing tools. Zhen (2007) explains that this is because it is a futuristic view and at some point such technological advances will become an eminent part of the market. At the same time, to reach the consumers currently Tesco has to focus more on television as it is a more reliable mode of communication with the consumers. The consumers truest the television and thus it will help Tesco get the message across. Print media is another option like magazines to reach particular target markets, especially house wives. Moreover, fliers, word of mouth and below the line activities can also be looked into. Below the line activities may have a greater impact on women and help promote the brand. To encourage sales promotion, in store promotions may also work well with women and help influence their decision m aking. As per Zhen (2007) Tesco is facing a challenging market in China as it is finding it difficult to

International Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 1

International Law - Essay Example International law is based on expediency between nations and contracts, as in treaties or trade agreements that operate formally on an international level between countries and their citizens mutually. In addition to these types of expedient agreements, there exists also a corpus of idealistic international law that is best represented by international organizations and their membership charters, as well as the declarations of human rights and other specific rights of women, children, and minorities that these constituencies have produced. When asking whether or not international law is really law, the question revolves around the actual legitimacy of the process through which these agreements were created, via legislature or counsel of a minority of representatives from a select group of nations, but more specifically, as to whether any legitimate structures exist that can comply adherence to the standards of international law through enforcement measures. In summary, the main aspec t of the question goes to the heart of enforceability in international law, and whether the sovereignty of the nation-state as it relates to domestic autonomy can ever be overcome by organizations like the UN. As M.W. Janis wrote in Introduction to International Law, â€Å"There is a root problem faced by those who practice international law. The problem is so fundamental that it is often assumed rather than analyzed. It stems from the fact that the world is broken up into tens of independent nation-states, each purporting to provide certain essential human services - e.g. defense-education, law, more or less exclusively to the people living within that state's boundaries. Insofar as a nation-state is thought to alone provide such services, we think of it as sovereign. The nation-state political system and the notion of sovereignty impact on most every aspect of human activity. Look at their effect on the idea of law. Taken to an absolute point, the notion of sovereignty might impl y that the only extant laws were those of nation-states.†1 In simplest terms, the violation of the borders of one nation-state by another is considered an act of war. International law governs the legality of invasions and self-defence among nations based in agreement such as the Geneva Conventions and other treaties on the use of weapons. It is regarded as paradoxical to apply law to war, even in the conduct of armies, as technically war is a state emergency and a fight for survival where both sides may be expected to do anything to win militarily. As history recognizes that the victor will determine the way the terms of the battle are recorded for posterity, it also acknowledges that the winning side in war will dictate the terms of the peace to the defeated. Furthermore, political regimes change domestically, and international law is as full of broken treaties as civil law is of broken contracts. Yet, people rarely ask if contract law really exists in the same manner that t hey question international law. For the most part, this is due to the fact that civil courts are recognized authorities in society, and their ability to enforce contract law is taken for granted, or understood within an expectation of risk management. The lack of supra-national authority with the powers of

Margins of society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Margins of society - Essay Example This creates a jarring impact on the viewers as they are forced to give respect to the subjects that they would otherwise ignore if they get a chance to meet them on the streets. For this paper, three photographs by Arbus would be analyzed, namely Hermaphrodite and a dog in a carnival trailer, A Jewish giant at home with his parents in the Bronx, NY and Child with a toy grenade, Central Park, NY . In this photograph, Arbus has photographed a hermaphrodite. The photograph captures the style and concept of other Arbus’ photograph. The picture seems quite ordinary except for the subject. If the main subject was removed from the picture, there would have been nothing interesting in the picture and yet it is the subject who changes the entire meaning of the picture. The Hermaphrodite stares back at the camera. He is not smiling and neither is he frowning. Rather, it seems that the hermaphrodite is conscious of getting his picture. This, however, does not fit with the body posture of the subject. It is the lack of pose in the body posture that makes the picture more compelling. The picture is quite ordinary in the way the Hermphrodite is relaxing on the chair but it is the same feeling of the oridinary that brings forth the emotion of the viewers to the surface. The picture seems to be challenging the viewer to accept the Hermaphrodite as a part of the society. The subject is partially nude, and yet he does not shy away by attempting to cover himself with his hands. He wears shiny undergarments which show that the subject is getting ready for a show or has just come back from one. The presence of the dog lends a personal touch to the photograph. It tells something about the subject even if it is as ordinary as the fact that the subject owns a dog that loves enough to share the photograph with. It is was not for the title of the photography, many viewers would have missed the small dog lying on the lap of the Hermaphrodite. Arbus, in this