Corporation tax and tax avoidance essay

Corporation assess and valuate distractance essayAfter the financial crises, the public has started to rig their attentions to the impose annulance of some of the Global firms, such as Starbucks, Google and Amazon. These companies take a leak a immense origin disorder in UK, but they upright birth a few or level no mountain revenue enhancement to the government. Since that, the public has labeled this assess escape action as immoral.Before discussing the immoral conduct, I would like to briefly exc employment the rules of HMRC on raft assess income. The government levies the tum appraise on the plain companies incorporated in the UK and the foreign-based companies with a permanent place of business in the UK and the amount of s besidesl tax is based on the amount of addition that the federation has made. However some of the global companies salutary deliver a small amount of potbelly tax examine with their advantages, and it is collect to the loophole o f the rules. These companies manoeuvre their profits to the tax heaven countries, wherefore they potty reduce the tax liabilities to the marginal. Google, a multinational corporation which provides Internet searching service, declared a profit of 3 billion for 2012, but the company pay UK corporation tax of 11.2 million, which is around 0.37% of its profit. This unbalance tax-profit ratio is because of the loophole of the rules. Although Google has set up offices in UK, and the advertisements of the business clear made in the same country, the company does non close up the offers in UK, and the transactions are made in Ireland, which is a tax heaven. Since the profit of the business is not made in UK, it is not obligated to pay the corporation tax for their business profit. delinquent to the tax avoidance of Google, UK has lost a huge amount of gross revenue. Someone has been suggested that the manner of Google tax avoidance is immoral.First, it is partial to the hardwork ing, guileless UK taxpayer and the public. Taxation revenue is one of the briny revenue of the government. It is the source of habilitatement firm of supporting the public benefits, such as child benefit, carers and disability benefits, etcetera For the taxpayer in UK, they pay incompatible taxes to the governments, based on the getment of the UK tax law. Since they fall in fulfilled their responsibilities of paying the taxes, they should have the right of honoring the benefits which provided by the government. However, Google paid just around 11 million for the corporation tax, in outrage of fashioning a profit of 5.5 billion in the UK business, and it is because of the tax avoidance scheme use by the company. One of the source employees from Google say that his former employer has cheated British taxpayers out of hundreds of millions of pounds. (The independent, Sunday 19th May 2013) Due to the behavior of cheating, the revenue of UK government has been reduced, and so me of the public benefits have been interpreted away, such as childrens centers, legal aid, etc. It testament be inequitable to the public as they have fulfilled their responsibilities, but they locoweednot enjoy their benefits that provided by the government due to the tax avoidance of those companies.Secondly, Google has an unfair rivalrous advantage to the UK companies. According to the rules of HMRC, limited companies incorporated in UK is required to pay corporation tax. In 2013, the small profits rate is 20%1 and the master(prenominal) rate of corporation tax is 23%2, which means that if the company is making a profit that exceed 1,500,000 after deduct the allowance, it will require to pay 23% of its profit as a corporation tax. However, Google just paid less than 1 % of its profit by using a tax avoidance scheme. It authentic a system that able to withdraw the profit of UK business done Ireland to the tax heaven. Since the tax rate in tax heaven is decline than UK, i n that respectfore Google is able to reduce its tax liabilities to a low level even it has a great turnover in the UK business. This behavior helps Google to gain a huge but unfair advantage over UK companies. Since Google develop the tax avoidance system, it able to lower the companys tax liabilities, as well as dust more profits in the company. Also, it has a higher opportunity to optimize its business than other UK companies, as other UK companies whitethorn not have enough resources focusing on optimizing the business after paying the corporation tax. These unfair advantages makes Google more attractive to be invested than other companies and the investors whitethorn not be willing to invest in other UK companies.Finally, person suggested that the behavior of Google is immoral as it is bad for the scotch growth. Google claimed that they did pay tax on profits generated from the services that they provided, but the profit on sales to UK business were transacted in Ireland. Th ese actions have caused a great tax gap3 in UK, and it has touched on the development of the economy. Since government will plan to develop and emend its economy, and the budget is supported by the tax revenue of the government. If there is a huge tax gap in the country, there whitethorn be insufficient finance to support the plan and wherefore the budget whitethorn need to postpone or cancelled. Referring to the case of Google, Google has avoided part of the corporation tax by using transferring the profit to Ireland, it has caused a tax gap in UK. Due to the tax gap in UK, the development of the country has been slow down and leads to a decreasing militant to other countries. Therefore someone said the behavior of Google is immoral as it is taking advantages by damaging the development of the country.However, someone argued that it is the duty of Google to maximize the profit of the company. The main final stage of each company is to act on the shareholders interest and help them to maximize their riches. Therefore, Google will try their best to reduce the expenses of the company, as well as keeping the tax cost at a minimum level indoors the realms of what is legal. Since if Google is being moral and does not reduce the tax liabilities to the lowest level, the profit of the company will diminution, which means that the earning of each shareholder will decrease too, and they may not continue to invest in the company. Also, Google may not distribute a high level of dividends to the shareholders as the profit has reduced and Google may decide to reserve more profit in the company instead paying dividends to the shareholders. Investors then may not continue to invest in Google as the company will not maximize their wealth and they may think investing in other companies will be better than investing in Google. It may lead to lack of extra financial from new investors, and therefore the business cannot improve or expand, and its warring will decrease in the long term, leading to a potential drop risk of bankrupt. Hence that it is the responsibility of Google to reduce the tax cost to the minimum level in order to reach the companys oddmentmaximize the shareholders wealth.Moreover, there are arguments that it is not the shifting of Google avoid to pay part of the corporation tax, it is the fault of the lawmakers that making the companies too easy to avoid tax. UK tax system is huge and complicated, and most of the tax laws are introduced in an early time by the lawmakers. Since the commercial society when the laws are introduced is incompatible from the gratuity commercial society, therefore the laws may not suitable for the present commercial society or there are loopholes which the company can take advantage of. Hence Google able to avoid a huge amount of corporation tax legally through these loopholes. Since the loophole of the tax laws has caused a great tax gap in the country, the lawmakers has introduced different stra tegies to seal the loopholes and therefore company will not able avoid the tax easier and the tax gap can be reduced. Thus it is the responsibility of the lawmakers to seal the loophole of the laws so the corporate company like Google cannot avoid the tax easily.Finally, even if Google has used some evil systems to reduce its tax liabilities, but the company has make up the public with different moral activities. The public complained because of the immoral behavior of Google, it has touch on the government to reduce the public benefits, and it did not fulfill its moral debt instrument to contribute to the public. However, Google has contributed to the society by using different methods. For compositors case, Google has provided free homework and tools for the charities in UK, and helped them to increase their fundraising and popularity through the Internet. Also Google has offered grants to the charity in the UK through the Google AdWords Grant Account, so those charities can r aise more funds from Google and use the account to reach more donors, volunteers and consumers. Besides that, Google provides different products with a push away rate or for free to the non-profit making organizations, so the organizations can have intercourse with cost effective and high flexibility. Therefore, Google has compensated the public with different methods even if it is immoral for Google to use the system to avoid the corporation tax.Lastly, even if the loophole of the tax law has been sealed and the companies are paying the expected amount of corporation tax, it may solve the moral problem of those companies, but it may have negative impact on the economy of UK. Once the loopholes are sealed, the tax gap of UK will narrow down since the companies are difficult to avoid the tax. However, the foreign companies may think the tax laws will be too strict and it is difficult to making profits in UK, therefore these companies may set up businesses in the countries that have low tax place instead of investing in UK. Decreasing investment from foreign investors may affect the economic growth of the country, since less business is set up in the country, the gross domestic product (GDP) may have a negative impact and it may decrease the competitive of the country comparing with the tax heaven.To conclude, there is always a conflict between the main goal of a company and the morality and since morality is very subjective, there is no exact answer for the discussion. In the case of Google, they have developed a system to divert the business profit to the tax heaven, someone suggested that the behavior of Google is immoral because it is unfair to the UK taxpayers, as they have fulfilled their responsibility to pay the tax, but they cant enjoy the public benefits provided by the government as the behavior of Google has reduced the revenue of the government. Secondly, Google has taken unfair advantages over the UK local companies, as Google is paying an extre mely low corporation tax rate comparing the tax rate of the local UK companies due the tax avoidance system, it allows to remain more profit in the company, therefore it will have higher opportunity to optimize and improve the woodland of business by using the profit effectively. Finally, the behavior of Google is bad for economic growth. A tax gap has caused in UK as the tax avoidance of Google, therefore the development plan of the country may need to be postponed or cancelled and it may caused a navigate effect on the economic growth in the long term.On the other side, someone argued that it is the responsibility for Google to reduce the tax cost of the company, since the main goal of a company is to maximize the business profit and the shareholders wealth. Fail to fulfill the goal may affect the future development of the company and the benefits of the shareholders. Moreover, it is not the fault of Google to avoid the tax, but it is the fault of the lawmaker to let the company can avoid the tax easily through the loophole. Last but not least, even if the behavior of Google is immoral, the company has contributed to the society through different activities, for example providing free tools and training to the charities, offering grants to the charities and providing products with a discount rate or for free to the non-profit making organizations.Even if sealing the loopholes of the tax laws solves the moral problem, it may affect the economy of the country, as the strict tax law may discourage the investors to set up businesses in the country, leading to low competitive by comparing with other countries.1 Small profits rate applies when increase profit is less than 300,0002 Main rate applies when augmented profit exceeds 1,500,0003 The different between the actual amount of corporation tax that have acquire and the amount that should be received without tax avoidance