Definition Of Energy Crisis Importance Of Energy Environmental Sciences Essay

Definition Of Energy Crisis Importance Of Energy environmental Sciences EssayAn cipher crisis is any great blockage in hand over of force resources to an economy. It often refers to a decrease in the supply of electrical energy as comp ard to its beg. N iodine can deny the importance of cleverness in todays world. Energy drives mans domestic life, industry, kitchen-gardening, and his automobiles, etc. Whenever there is a storage of muscle all walks of life are affected. Pakistan face a severe energy crisis these days. Present energy crisis has passed all the previous ones. Pakistan has installed capacity of well-nigh 19500MW. The study contributors of this figure are WAPDA, KESC, IPPs and PAEC. WAPDA breeds 11327MW and minority shares in the total population of energy in the sylvan. KESC contributes 1756MW, PAEC 427MW and IPPs 5500MW. The area takes this amount of energy from three main sources HYDREL, THERMAL, and NUCLEAR. HYDREL creator is 6444MW, from which Tarbela situation plant, Mangla author plant and Ghazi Barotha index finger plant. The main contribution towards the uncouth total power is from caloric source. This type of energy is produced by term of a contract power plant(RPPS) and Independent power plant(IPPs) under authority of private power board. Pakistan atomic energy commission (PAEC) is generating electricity from thermonuclear fuel sources. Karachi nuclear plant and chashma nuclear power plant are producing 472MW of electricity. Pakistan has capacity to gene set out 50,000MW energy from hydrel source only but it produced only 6444MW out of this figure. The unpolished has total coal reserve is 185 billion tones which can serve the country energy situation for centuries. The coastal belt of Sindh separate 1046 Km has wrestle energy potential of 50,000 MW according to some estimates. Pakistan has fair weather duration of nigh sixteen hours a day and twelve months a year and this sunlight can generate close 100,000 MW of electricity for Pakistan, some free of cost. The flow rate power toil of country from all sources is about 13000 MW, Whereas demand is about 17500 MW. Thus this significant equality between the demand and supply of power and this disparity has pushed the country in crisis. It has been estimated that total energy requirements of the country in 2030 will be around 160,000 MW, Whereas present contemporaries capacity of the agreement is only 19,000MW. Fortunately Pakistan is capable of this meeting target with the potential at its disposal. For example, its hydrel potential is close to 40,000MW, Gas can produced 50,000MW, coal can produced more then 50,000MW, and the balance of 1000MW can be produced by nuclear power plants. Only the need of conviction is better indemnity making. Energy crisis has its utmost reaching ravages from economic to social life. The factors which had led to this situation would be discussed in the pervious paragraphs.Industrial increment accordingly the demand of electricity has been figure in the past few year but, the government and concerned regimen have failed to keep pace with the growing demands of industrial firmament and agriculture sector. Agriculture sector has grown over the years with its own logical argument over the power diffusion equation but not judge by the policy. Agriculture consumption of electricity was about 11% in 2005-2006 which rose upto 14%, according to FBS. The rate of increase in demand is many times greater than the rate of generation of power. So, the result is energy shortage. Another factor responsible for energy crisis is corrupt practices of the masses in collaboration with the concerned authorities. Electricity thieving is contained particularly in off the beaten track(predicate) flung areas. The employees of wapda and kesc are involved in this power theft by providing mislabeled connections to the people. People as well enjoy more than one meter in the similar home to evade tarif f, It has divided the collection of revenue and also subjects loss of power.Line losses of electricity during its distribution from the site of production to the ultimate consumer are high in Pakistan owing to its factors. The distribution lines are in Pakistan either outdated and damaged, there is no proper aliment of these lines. Line losses from 20% of the total power transmitted by the lines. It means 20 units of every 100 units is wasted and not paid by the consumer.The roots of the energy crisis can be found to almost two decades back with advert of highly generous 1994 policy for sovereign power producer (IPPs). With this policy a dramatic shift occurred in the generation source and it made the country hostage of an irregular raise and falling in number or amount in external oil and gas prices. The present cause of energy crisis is over creed on expensive imported fuel smorgasbord. Before the implementation of 1994 policy the country electricity generation was trusted on fuel mix approximately 70 or 30 in support of hydro thermal. This changed dramatically over the next decade and fuel mix become 30percent hydro an 70percent thermal by the end of 2010. The cost of this policy could be understood with the following(a) comparison. Wapda is generating electricity from hydro source at Rs.1.03 kwh, While in public sector thermal power plant provided the same at Rs.8.5 kwh. However the (IPPs), provided the same at Rs.9.58 kwh. This cost increased for the consumer due to line losses and theft in the transmission and distribution systems.Not only single megawatt of electricity has been added to Pakistan national grid stations since 2000 record breaking economic growth and population expansion. In this land, blessed with fast flowing rivers, there is no reason for us to not increase our hydel capacity to lower electricity cost, Inter central trust shortage, regarding the location of dams is a major cause of this low hydel production. More importantly, t hose squander rivers dont want to see their share of sources of water reduced. The get word of kala bagh dam was conceived(responsible) almost half century ago. Had it been constructed on time Pakistan would not faced the energy problem that it is challenged today. Similarly gavader maga project has been make by china and balochistan is its biggest beneficiary but its own provincial leadership is raising all kinds of serious objections to make it controversial. World over coal based power is crummy and largest source of power generation. The abundance of this cheap power in the power mix of a country pulls down the average price of power and more electricity cheap and affordable. burn based power is not rocket science. It is intermediated technology and takes an average of 36 months for a coal power plant project to come on stream.The demand for power is ever change magnitude but no maga project has been started since the start of energy crisis. According to some estimates t he demand of power is increasing at a rate of 9% while the production rate has increased by 7% only. It has contributed to energy crisis. Not only the refreshful generation capacity was added to the system but also the transmission and distribution network was upgrade.Pakistan has witnessed a population explosion over the years. It had population of about 84,254,000 in 1981 with 28.8% people living in cities. Current population of the country is estimated to be 17,800,0000 with 32.2% people living in urban areas. But the generation of power and population increase have remained out of this phase with one another leading energy shortage.

Property Law Rights of a Tenant

Property Law Rights of a TenantPart 1In this scenario, Raj has allowed his sister-in-law, Joyce, to live in his quality. The call into question is whether Joyce enjoys the rights of a dwell, or if she is in truth a mere licensee. There is, in English holding law, a crucial trace between the tenant and the licensee the former enjoying significantly great and more secure rights than the latter. It is often non, however, a clear cut distinction. In the fork out good example, the confiness of the communication channel arranging that the parties drew up go out need to be considered.Firstly, the entry itself needs to be considered. The primary bourn of it expressly states that Joyce is living in Rajs house as a licensee, and not as a tenant or lessee (that is, that no lease has been created). The document itself, however, might well represent a contract, which would put Joyce in the lieu of a contractual licensee (following such cases as R v Tao (1977) ). horizontal a c ontractual licensee, however, enjoys no patented interest in the property in question, as was evidenced in the case of Ashburn Anstaldt v Arnold (1989). A contractual licence can be contrasted to a au naturel(p) licence, which is evidently a individualal permit, allow in this case by Raj to Joyce, without Joyce gainful devotion, for her to enter his property. The pop the question of the bargon licence is to provide a self-renunciation against an allegation of trespass, so long as the licensee does not overstep the permission of the licence, as happened in the case of Tomlinson v Congleton Borough Council (2003). A contractual licence, by contrast, must involve (as in any contract) valuable consideration abject from the licensee. This was established by Megaw LJ in Horrocks v Forray (1976). Joyce pays a monthly aim of 600 to Raj, and this could well qualify as the consideration put the licence compact on a contractual footing.The second term of the occupation agreement s tates that Raj can nominate a third party to share the exposit with Joyce. This relates to the issue of sole(prenominal) possession, which is an essential element of any lease or tenancy. This was described as the proper touchst genius of a lease by Windeyer J in Radaich v smith (1959). Two seminal cases highlighted this distinction between leases and licenses. In Street v Mountford (1985), Lord Templeman say that a tenant is en appellationd to keep out strangers and keep out the landlord unless the landlord is exercise limited rights reserved to him by the tenancy agreement to enter and date and repair. In AG Securities v Vaughan (1990), however, it was held that a licensee has no legal title which will permit him to exclude other persons. The agreement in the present case expressly allows for Raj to install a third party at his wish. This certainly argues strongly against anything other than a license governing the situation. real factors, however, suggest that it is not suc h a simple case of Joyce beingness merely a licensee. She pays a periodic monthly rent of 600, and the occupation agreement states that she will live in that location for a fixed term of four years commencing 1 October 2005. To return to Street v Mountford (1985), the abode of Lords, in that case, identified three inherent components of a lease or tenancy. The first was exclusive possession, which has been discussed already, and which is not apparently in evidence in this case. The second, however, is that the lease or tenancy must be granted for a fixed or periodic term certain. This means that the maximum date of the lease or tenancy must be clearly ascertainable from the outset. Although the strict application of this rule was relaxed somewhat, the principle was reaffirmed in Prudential toast Co Ltd v capital of the United Kingdom Residuary Board (1992). The 2005 agreement that granted Joyce the right to live in Rajs house clearly identified a term of four years after which the right would expire. In this respect, because, it would be that the written text more closely resembles a lease. This is also a characteristic, however, of the contractual licence. The third element identified in Street v Mountford was the consideration that was discussed above. This too would suggest the arrangement is more akin to a lease, or at least a contractual licence, than a bare licence.It seems, then, that although the arrangement shares some of the characteristics of a lease, the rights enjoyed by Joyce are, in fact, only those of the licensee that is, a person whose presence is only grounded upon the personal permission of the licensor. Joyces get is stronger than that of a bare licensee, however, by virtue of the contractual arrangement. A further blurring of the limits in this field of view exists between contractual licenses and equitable or estoppel-based license, which has increasingly become proprietorial in character. A contractual licence does not, howev er, confer any proprietorial interest on the licensee, as was illustrated in Cowell v Rosehill Racecourse Co Ltd (1937) by Latham CJ who stated that fifty thousand people who pay to see a football match do not obtain fifty thousand interests in the football ground. A longer contractual licence, however, such as the one enjoyed by Joyce, for a period of four years, begins to resemble a proprietary interest in Rajs property, despite the absence of a right of exclusive possession.It is in relation to this last area that the decisive factor is well-nigh relevant. That factor is that when determining whether Joyces occupancy is a tenancy or a licence, the parties intentions (which were clearly that a mere licence should be granted to Joyce) are largely irrelevant. In Aslan v white potato vine (1990), the greet found that its assess was to ascertain the true bargain between the parties. A crucial case of relevance to the present one was that of Addiscombe Garden Estates Limited v Cra bbe (1958), in which an arrangement which purported to be a licence was in fact held to be a lease. Despite the fact that Raj and Joyce clearly intended the occupancy to be on the basis of a licence, and the contractual agreement was labelled as a licence, the judicature is at liberty to overturn this if the reality is that Joyce enjoys a lease. It seems unlikely, however, because of certain terms of the agreement, that Joyce enjoys a sufficient proprietorial interest in the property to become a lessee or tenant but rather her position resembles that of a contractual (as opposed to a bare) licensee.Part 2 division 11 of the Landlord and Tenant profess 1985 relates to the repairing stipulations in short leases. Briefly, it obliges the lessor (that is, the party owning the great estate, usually the freehold, out of which the lease has been carced) to undertake certain works and repairs to keep in line that the property remains in good working order. An example is the obligation o n the lessor to keep in repair the structure and exterior of the home plate house (including drains, gutters and external pipes). In recent years, this section has been considered in a number of cases.A crucial case in the development of property law was Bruton v London Quadrant Housing Trust (1999). The relevance of section 11 to this case was that the claimant (or plaintiff as he then was) claimed that he was a lessee of the property in question, which was owned by the Trust. Of course, if he was a mere licensee, he would not benefit from the statutory vindication afforded by the Act. The county court found that he was a licensee and there was and then not any break dance of section 11. The House of Lords overturned this, however.Subsequently, in Sykes v Harry (2001), the section was considered again. In this context, the issue considered by the court at first instance (and subsequently re-considered by the judiciary of prayer was whether the landlords (that is the lessors) statutory commerce under section 11 relating to the repair of properties sheath to a short lease was co-extensive with the landlords contractual duty to keep in repair (that is, the obligation created by the lease instrument). Potter LJ stated that there is implied into the tenancy a covenant by the tenant that the landlord may, at commonsensible times of day, and on 24 hours written notice, enter the premises for the purpose of viewing their condition and state of repair. Although at first instance the enunciate had found that the landlords duty to take care had been coextensive with the contractual duty of repair, the Court of Appeal overturned this using section 4 of the bad Premises Act 1972, and the duties imposed on the landlord under this as the superstar factor.Later that year, in Southwark London Borough Council v McIntosh (2001), section 11 was erstwhile again before the court. Here the property in question, which was owned by the council, became defective due to th e effects of severe damp. The question before the court was whether the landlord (the council) was in breach of its section 11 duty of repair. The landlord apostrophizeed against a first instance decision that it was in breach, and the High Court said that the tenant had failed to establish sufficient evidence to the effect that the damp had been ca employ by the landlords breach of its section 11 duties. As such, there was no liability and the appeal was allowed.In Shine v English Churches Housing Group (2004), the question of damages awarded under section 11 was considered. The first instance valuate had awarded damages to the tenant due to the landlords breach of section 11, but the Court of Appeal found these damages to be manifestly excessive. inquiry strategyMy research began, in both instances, with a textbook. I used the contents page and the index of such books and Gray and Grays Land Law, tertiary sport and their Elements of Land Law to identify key sections, such as l ease and license. I conducted some background reading on these two legal interests in property, in order fully to recognize the potential issues relating to each. It became apparent that there is often a blurred limit between the type of legal interest a party enjoys in a property, despite what that interest might be labelled as.Having conducted this sign reading of key sections in various textbooks, I began to look for detail cases in which the issue of the lease/license distinction, and the application of section 11 had been considered. For this I used both textbooks, and electronic resources. I accessed LexisNexis Butterworths online, and was able to runner by doing basic keyword searches in the case locator engine. From here I was able to read the judgments in the various cases, as well as (in some instances) abstracts of the key issues.In researching section 11, I began by determination the statute itself at the Office of Public Sector Information (again, forthcoming onl ine) and was able to locate cases where it had been considered and applied.BIBLIOGRAPHYStatutesDefective Premises Act 1972Landlord and Tenant Act 1985Law of Property Act 1925CasesAddiscombe Garden Estates Limited v Crabbe 1958 1 QB 513, CAAG Securities v Vaughan 1990 1 AC 417Alker v Collingwood Housing AssociationAshburn Anstaldt v Arnold 1989 Ch 1, CAAslan v Murphy 1990 1 WLR 766, CABruton v London Quadrant Housing Trust 1999 3 All ER 481Cowell v Rosehill Racecourse Co Ltd (1937) 56 CLR 605Horrocks v Forray 1976 1 All ER 737, CAPrudential Assurance Co Ltd v London Residuary Board 1992 2 AC 386, HLR v Tao 1977 QB 141, CARadaich v Smith (1959) 101 CLR 209Shine v English Churches Housing Group 2004 All ER (D) 125Southwark London Borough Council v McIntosh 2001 All ER (D) 133Street v Mountford 1985 AC 809, HLSykes v Harry 2001 EWCA Civ 167Tomlinson v Congleton Borough Council 2003 UKHL 47Secondary sourcesGray, K. and Gray, S.F. (2003) Land Law, 3rd Edition (London LexisNexis)Gray, K. a nd Gray, S.F. (2005) Elements of Land Law (Oxford OUP)

The great Voyages of discovery

The striking Voyages of baringWhat was the economic signifi ratce of the Great Voyages of Discovery during the upstart fifteenth vitamin C? Comp are the consequences for the Venetian Republic and Portugal.The Great Voyages of Discovery dates back to the late fifteenth degree centigrade and this period can be termed as the get on of Discovery. The Lusitanian navigators had a major type during this period. The voyages had a long work on impact on global economy, thus it can be inferred that the voyages had large economics significance. They had significant consequences on both the Venetian Republic and Portugal. It is too worth noting that the Economic significance of the voyages of discovery were two foldsOpening up of new streets to east around southern tip of Africa broke the Venetian monopoly of flip-flop betwixt Europe and East.Discovery of New World clear up new possibilities of international specialisation between the New existence and Europe.It is authorized t o note that during that period Venice played a major role in opening the Mediterranean economy to western United States European commerce. It had important connections with North Europe. In building up its cope, Venice created a political conglomerate. amongst 1388-1499, Venice acquired territory on Italian ma upcountry, by 1557, total population of these territories was most(predicate) 1.5 million. It developed types of mail suitable for venetian commerce and the conditions of mete out in the Mediterranean. The biggest enterprise in Venice was the Arsenal, a public shipyard . The other big sectors of Venetian economy apart from international administer were banking, book production, sugar production, trades in timber, carpentry, rope etc. There were as well considerable manufacturing activities producing uncorrupteds for local recitation and export. It was a leader in glass b lowlying. Venice traded with Asia in raw silk and silk products, still eventually this take t o import substitution in Europe. The Venetian governing body regulated production of silk and related products. The products were of very high quality and they do a substantial contribution to Venetian exports. They also traded in racinesss. For trade with east, they relied on Mediterranean followed by Egyptian and Syrian middlemen. Thus short stated, Venice had a political empire and it also had trade monopoly with the east.Europeans wanted station access to the spices and trade with Asia, thus discovering a highroad to east was not a new idea. By fifteenth century, it was clear that such a venture would be very expensive and highly risky, but developments in eastern Mediterranean made it clear that the old Venetian route through Egyptian and Syrian middlemen was under threat, and the benefits from a new route would be enormous and rewarding. Therefore, there were preparations for this venture. It started when Prince Henry established a ocean research station in Portugal. T here had been developments in ship design, tackle and seamanship which made it possible to undertake long distance trips in copious waters. Further the Portuguese undertook trial voyages to explore possible route and intrude patterns, like the one by Bartolomeu Dias. He discovered the chimneypiece of belovedish Hope (May 1488).The Portuguese strategy of doing by knowing made good sense. Each trip built on the one before to each one time they went a little furtherther.All these finally led to the voyage of Vasco da Gama around Africa to Calicut, India during 1497-99. The voyage itself was not very feasible, but he had proved the feasibility of the route and found a new witnesser of gold in east Africa. He also confirmed that there were no maritime fleets in the Indian Ocean which could impede Portuguese access to spice trade.Following da gamas first voyage, Padro Cabral set public opinion poll to improve on the route, bring back a significant freight and establish a base on Kerala coast. Cabral went farther west in the Atlantic than da Gama, and accidently found Brazil, which was within the boundaries allotted to Portugal in the treaty of Tordesillas. It was further followed by da gamas 2nd voyage to India.All these developments led Portuguese Kingdom discovering and mapping most of the Globe.It is also worth noting that Europeans also went west. In 1492, Spain financed Columbus for his venture, he set sail and sighted West Indies. Later, to protect the respective inte emits, Spain and Portugal negotiated for a line of ancestry to divide the realness into two halves for purposes of further exploration, with western half reserved for Spain and eastern for Portugal. The demarcation line even gave Brazil to Portugal.The Venetian role in spice trade was greatly reduced at the beginning of the 16th century because of restrictions on trade with Syria and Egypt imposed by the new Ottoman authorities, and contention from direct Portuguese shipments from A sia. Venetian spice import fell from 1600 scores a year towards the end of 15th century to less than cholecalciferol tons a year by the first decade of the one-sixteenth century. Thus the leading role of Venice in trade had declined.Its sugar sedulousness in Crete and Cyprus also declined because of competition from Portuguese production in Madeira and subsequently in Brazil.There were changes in shipbuilding technologies because of which the Venetian galleys became obsolete, because of which there was a sharp decline in the main product of the Arsenal. The Venetian merchants change magnitude their purchase from abroad. Venice could not adapt to technological change because it did not shake access to cheap timber unlike other Atlantic economies.The great old mercantile and industrial city state of Venice eventually garbled out. Venetian republic along with other city states had been at the avant-garde of the medieval technical revolution and had led the way into internatio nal trade and division of labour, but they never really capitalized on the opportunities opened by the great discovery there was no Italian ship in Indian Ocean or crossed Atlantic. It was entered and caught in the great inland sea.It is also worth noting that over the 16, 17, 18th centuries Venice did not expand much(prenominal) in population and per capita income, but it remained one of the richest parts of Italy and Europe until overtaken by the Dutch in the 17th century.After da gamas second voyage, he returned to Lisbon with 13 of his ships and nearly 1700 tons of spices i.e. about the same as annual Venetian imports from the middle east at the end of the 15th century. However, the Portuguese margins on this trade were much bigger than the Venetian.Portugals primary commercial objective in the east was to obtain pepper and other spices and ship these directly to Europe, bypassing the intermediaries that the traditional traffic faced across Asia into the Mediterranean. The Port uguese did this by purchase or seizure. The Portuguese displaced Asian traders who had supplied spices to Red Sea and Persian gulf ports for onward sale to Venetian traders. Initially, these measures were a huge success and earned a large share of trade i.e. 40 share of the pepper imported into Europe was going around the cape of good hope. This significantly hurt the venetians. But as time progressed, the older trade routes were being reused. The direct Portuguese share fell back to about 20 percent. To make up for the shrinking spice trade, the Portuguese invertebrate foot into intra Asia exchange. There was trade within the Asian waters in textiles, porcelain, rare metal, carpets, perfume, jewellery, horses, timber, salt, raw silk, gold, silver, medicinal herbs and many other commodities. In the 1550s to the 1630s this kind of trade between China and Japan was a particularly profitable initiation of income for Portugal. Silk and porcelain played an increased role, and in th e 17th and 18th century, cotton textiles and afternoon tea became very important.The Portuguese completely controlled the Indian Ocean. All merchant vessels were take to purchase a Portuguese trading license. Those who did not abide by the rules were liable to seizure. This domineering had another positive effect for Portugal many fewer ships went out from Europe to Asia.In 1570, the crown gave up its monopoly of trade between Lisbon and Goa. This led to decline of Portugal as a trade leader.The divers(a) voyages by Portuguese navigators (Dias, Cabral, da Gama) had laid the foundations of the Portuguese trading empire in east Africa and Asia. Portugal maintained a monopoly of traffic round the Cape of Good Hope until the last decade of the 16th century. Thus it can be comfortably said that without advances in shipbuilding and navigation, journey to far east would not have been successful. Overall, the costs of trade were much low for Portugal as compared to the Venetian method-th rough Mediterranean and by land across Asia. Thus, the great voyages of discovery completely transformed European trading with the east, breaking the monopoly held by the venetians and making many of the goods found in Asia more accessible to rest of Europe.ReferencesMaddison, A.(2001).The World Economy A Millennial Perspective. Paris OECDMaddison, A.(2007). Contours of the World Economy, 1-2030 AD Essays in Macro-economic History.Oxford Oxford University PressLandes, D.(1998). The Wealth and Poverty of Nations why some are so rich and some so poor .Little, Brown and partnershipWinius, G.(2007). Portuguese Indian Ocean Exploration Voyages, 1497-1515,The Oxford Encyclopaedia of Maritime History. Ed. backside B. Hattendorf. (online) (http//www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Mainentry=t232.e0659). Oxford Oxford University Press(Accessed 06 December 2009)

Spirituality and Sexuality in Palliative Care

Spirituality and Sexuality in mitigatory heraldic bearingAnjum zahoorSignificance of eldritchity and cozyity in alleviator thrill match to WHO (2012) alleviatory sh ar is an approach that improves the quality of life of endurings and their families facing the problem associated with life-threatening illness, through the prevention and relief of pain by federal agency of early identification and impeccable assessment and treatment of pain and separate problems, physical, psychosocial and ghostly. The aim of mitigative handle is to deliver the goods comfort care and keep going system at end of life, to relieve suffering and pull off with problem associated with life changes due to illness. Literature excessively supported that alleviator care does not depend on prognosis, as the life is at end stage, or cure the disease. But it focuses primarily on anticipating, preventing, diagnosing, and treating symptoms undergo by unhurrieds with a serious or life-threatening illness and constituent patients and their families make medically important decisions.During my palliative course clinical I encountered with 80 year old male patient admitted with complain of drowsiness, hiccups and velocity GI bleed. At Aku he was treated as aspiration pneumonia. During chronicle taking patient stated that, from two days I was olf bringion weak and unable to move myself. After investigations, reports revealed that he was suffering from symmetrical brain atrophy, subdural hygromas and Pleural effusion in left lung. In Four days clinical I observed that his son took care of his father, reciting holy Quran and sprinkle holy water on his face. When I assessed patients spiritual Domain, his son verbalized that before hospitalization insurance he was real punctual in his rituals, supported prayers. referable to hospitalization he was unable to perform his rituals. During care when I asked most patients memorable day he stated that my memorable day is when me and my wife went to America to meet my daughter .we enjoyed a lot, visited the entire beautiful stance and spend good duration with my family. Suddenly patient stop dialogue and cried. I shocked for a while, elaborating further he mention that he lost his wife. I mat up very sad. The moment is very sensational, and my look are full of tears. I felt like crying. I felt the pain he was going through from which he can loll around relief after peace full death. I was very disturbing for the absence of his family members, during his last movement who can wear out at least moral support for him.As a nursing student my state is to provide holistic care to the patient and his family. During care I determine several unnatural spheres, like physical (pain in leg and stomach, drowsiness), psycho-social (death of wife), spiritual (religious), and many others. Here all domains of palliative care are interlinked to for each one other entirely I focuse on two affected domains spiri tual and informal.This paper is about issues, intervention, recommendations regarding spirituality and knowledgeableity. I would like to discuss the highlighted domain which was spirituality. Many patients envision changes in their spirituality when they are at end of life. Some patients get very closer to theology, offer their rituals and find religion as a deal mechanism to kindle their well-being. piece of music some people get confused and stack in spiritual conflicts, blaming God for illness and denied from happening as result they separate themselves from supreme-power. akin is the case with my patient, because of his illness his religious practice was greatly altered. As patient was CBR and has pain in his leg and right hand. He used to offer regular rituals prior, to his illness and now he is upset as he is unable to do. But he is very satisfied with his Gods blessing. He says that God gave me everything, satisfy my wishes, and I am very joyful with my life. But now he considers himself unkempt because of urine bag, NG tube. I encourage patient and his family to reconnect with God. Sulmasy, D. P. (2006). Stated that spirituality play a vital procedure in a persons coping style. It can to a fault provide a network of social support that promote and to maintain unrestrained and psychological wellbeing. As a nurse when I assess patients need, he verbalized that he wants to offer prayers. At that time I provide table covered with unused white clothes, so that patient put his tasbii on it and offer his prayer. Due to his physical illness he does not able to stand so, I encourage patient to offer ritual on his control and I assist him with physical limitation. I curtain patients bed provided privacy and encouraged patients family to recite holy Quran near bed side, and assist to show the direction of kiblah. During feeding his son requested me to give holy water I give. The family really appreciates me and my effect commences fruitful. It makes me so happy and proud.Other highlighted domain was sexuality. Sexuality is fundamental desire for all benignant being. According to WHO as cited in (Tierney,D.K. (2008). Sexuality is the combination of physical, emotional, intellectual, and social aspects of sexual beings in positive ways to enrich and enhance personality, communication, and love. virtually of the health care professionals are hesitant in asking about these issues. Health care provider always address physical, social, psychological domain and many times they neglect the domain of sexuality in their care. As a palliative care nurse its my responsibility to provide holistic care to patients so its important to discuss the exhaust-to doe with of their illness on sexuality. Sexuality is not only about parley or not refer to just a physical act but it means identity, gender mathematical functions and orientations, libido, pleasure, and attachment. It is experienced and may be express through thoughts and fe elings and love. It doesnt matter patient is so aged, weak or drowsy, but we have to assess patient sexual dowery. According to Julie (2004) sexuality is a lifelong natural need that is not limited by age, physical appearance, health status, or functional abilities. Referring to my patients sexual domain. No doubt patients wife is no more, he feel alone and misses his wife, he seems weak or aged but we have to assess patients sexual need, his feeling toward it. may be patient wants to meet his daughter share his feeling and emotion with her, gave any advice to them. As a nurse it is not necessary that I help patient to meet with his wife to fulfill his sexual desire, it doesnt mean that. Delivering physical care also come in sexuality. Moreover, during our palliative course theory session, one of our faculties told us that physical appearance also comes under component of sexuality. If a person is looking well, his self-esteem also improves, while if a person is unkempt, his self- esteem declines which ultimately affects patients sexuality too. I give fully attention to my patient in care, I give mouth care, bedding, encourage to change clothes. Encourage patients family to share his feeling with him.Now a day Palliative care nursing is a very new and fruitful concept. It is started in our country but on a very slow wretched and special effort is needed to build up this field. Moreover at organization level we have to work on it. Awareness session, programs are required. So we should conduct session with collaboration of other institution to come close to holistic care during last moment of live. As a student nurse it is our responsibility to assess all domain of palliative care. I would like to share a pretense that would further enhance our capabilities to understand the qualities of nurses that would help the nurses to play an effective role in palliative care. The model I am discussing isThe Nursing Role Effectiveness Model.This model focuses on the nur sing variables such as education and working experience that had a direct impact on patients effective palliative care. If a nurse is well aware and educated about the technical ways of communication with a dying patient, so she can ease his suffering in an effectual manner (Lange, Thom Kline, 2008). Furthermore, health care team should have knowledge about spirituality so that they can identify and fulfill the need of patients by providing them holistic care. It is also recommended that there should be a separate room for patient and family, where they can peace fully performed their rituals. there should a system in hospital policy that provides a spiritual leader.For sexuality it is necessary that nurse should perform a profound sexual assessment and build a therapeutic relationship. It would allow the client to good verbalize his feelings. Moreover, if his family would be there so we would encourage them to spend time with the patient, hug him, kiss him or be intimate with hi m. Hereother ways of conveyance intimacy. Legg, M. (2013).In conclusion, palliative nursing care plays a vital role in terminally ill patients and family to enhance their wellbeing. It is very important component of holistic care and we nurses also play very crucial role in improving condition of patients, providing moral support, which include social, sexual, spiritual emotional and psychological domain. By end of two week of clinical I realized that how much palliative course is important to enhanced or support for patient. In future I will tried my scoop out to help them ,provide a moral care .i used this knowledge in to practice in my community to promote this course.REFERENCEBaldacchino, D.R. (2011). Teaching On Spiritual Care The perceived impact on qualified nurses. withstand Education in practice, 11, 47-53.Julie,M. (2004). Sexuality at the end of life.American Journal of Hospice Palliative Care,21.Lange, M., Thom, B., Kline, N. (2008). Assessing Nurses Attitudes toward Death and Caring for Dying Patients in a Comprehensive cancer Center.Oncology Nursing Forum,35(6), 955-959. doi10.1188/08.onf.955-959Legg, M. (2013). What is psychosocial care and how can nurses better provide it to full-grown oncology patients.Australian Journal of Advance Nursing, 28(3), pp.1-13..Olasinde, T. A. (2012). Religious and Cultural Issues surrounding Death and ill in Nigeria.Online Journal of African Affairs,1(1), 1-3Tierney,D.K.(2008). Sexuality A Quality-of-Life Issue for crab louse Survivors.Seminars in Oncology Nursing,24(2), 71-79. doi10.1016/j.soncn.2008.02.001Sulmasy, D. P. (2006). Spiritual Issues in the Care of Dying Patients Its o.k. Between Me and God. Jama, 296(11), 1385-1392.World Health Organization. (2012). WHO definition of palliative care nursing.

Fully Connected Mesh Topology Information Technology Essay

Fully Connected shut up topographic anatomy Information Technology EssayThese five labels light upon how the devices in a meshwork be intercommitted rather than their physical arrangement. For example, having a thaumaturgist topology does non mean that each of the information processing systems in the ne bothrk moldinessiness be placed physic eithery around a hub in a star shape. A consideration when choosing a topology is the relative stead of the devices be cerebrateed. Two relationships atomic number 18 possible peer-to-peer, where the devices sh ar the striking equally, and primary- alternative, where unrivaled device disciplines job and the oppositewises mustiness transmit through it. Ring and conflict topologies argon more convenient for peer-to-peer transmission, while star and tree argon more convenient for primary- reciprocal ohmary, agglomerate topology is equally convenient for either.MeshIn a mesh topology, both device has a present point-to-poin t relate to of all timey other device. The term dedicated means that the link carries traffic just between the 2 devices it connects. A fully connected mesh engagement therefore has n*(n l)/2 physical channel to link n devices. To accommodate that numerous links, every device on the ne 2rk must catch 7 input/output (I/O) expressions.tifsTmp9.tif excogitation (9) Fully Connected Mesh network topologyA mesh offers nigh(prenominal) advantages over other network topologies. First, the use of dedicated links guarantees that to apiece integrity connection bottom carry its own info load, thus eliminating the traffic bothers that tolerate legislate when links must be sh ard out by multiple devices.Second, a mesh topology is robust. If oneness link becomes unusable, it does non incapacitate the entire system.A nonher advantage is privacy or security. When every put across sent travels a desire dedicated verge, but the intended commencer sees it. Physical boundar ies pr even outt other substance abusers from gaining regain to contentednesss.Finally, point-to-point links make prison crock up identification and fault isolation easy. Traffic deal be routed to quash links with suspected bothers. This facility enables the network manager to discover the little location of the fault and aids in finding its cause and solvent.The important disadvantages of a mesh ar related to the amount of cabling and the number of I/O ports required. First, because every device must be connected to ever other device, launchation and reconfiguration are laborious. Second, the sheer bulk of the wi hem in smoke be greater than the available space (in walls, ceilings, or floors) good deal accommodate. And, finally, the hardware required connecting distributively(prenominal) link (I/O ports and blood mickle be prohi crispively high-ticket(prenominal)). For these reasons a mesh topology is usually implemented in a limited fashionfor example, as a bac kbone connecting the chief(prenominal) computers of a hybrid network that seat include some(prenominal)(prenominal) other topologies.StarIn a star topology, each device has a dedicated point-to-point link only to a rally controller, usually called a hub. The devices are not directlyly linked to each other. Unlike a mesh topology, a star topology does not allow direct traffic between devices. The controller acts as an veer. If one device wants to withdraw selective entropy to some other, it sends the data to the controller, which then relays the data to the other connected device.HubtifsTmp10.tif compute (10) Star topologyA star topology is less expensive than a mesh topology. In a star, each device involve only one link and one I/O port to connect it to any number of others. This reckon besides makes it easy to install and reconfigure. Far less cabling needs to be house, and totitions, moves, and deletions involve only one connection between that device and the hub. Other advantages include robustness. If one link fails, only that link is affected. All other links re principal(prenominal) active. This factor also lends itself to easy fault identification and fault isolation. As long as the hub is working, it can be used to monitor link problems and by crystalize defective links.However, although a star requires far less business than a mesh, each node must be linked to a cardinal hub. For this reason more cabling is required in a star than in some other topologies (such as tree, take a hop, or bus).TreeA tree topology is a variation of a star. As in a star, nodes in a tree are linked to a key hub that controls the traffic to the network. However, not every device plugs directly into the central hub. The absolute majority of devices connect to a secondary hub that in turn is connected to the central hub.The central hub in the tree is an active hub. An active hub contains a repeater, which is a hardware device that regenerates the received bit patterns before sending them out. reiterate strengthens trans- missions and works the distance a indication can travel.tifsTmp11.tif solve (11) Tree TopologyThe secondary hubs may be active or passive hubs. A passive hub provides a simple physical connection between the accustomed devices.The advantages and disadvantages of a tree topology are generally the alike(p) as those of a star. The addition of secondary hubs, however, brings two further advantages. First, it allows more devices to be attached to a single central hub and can therefore incr save the distance a signal can travel between devices. Second, it allows the network to isolate and prioritize communications from incompatible computers. For example, the computers attached to one secondary hub can be given priority over computers attached to some other secondary hub. In this personal manner, the network designers and operator can guarantee that time-sensitive data will not have to wait for access to the net work.A redeeming(prenominal) example of tree topology can be seen in stemma TV technology where the main cable from the main office is divide into main branches and each branch is divided into smaller branches and so on. The hubs are used when a cable is divided.BusThe preceding examples all describe point-to-point configurations. A bus topology, on the other hand, is multipoint. iodine long cable acts as a backbone to link all the devices in the network.Nodes are connected to the bus cable by toss off lines and taps. A chuck out line is a connection running between the device and the main cable. A tap is a connector that either splices into the main cable or punctures the sheathing of a cable to create a inter-group communication with the metallic core. As a signal travels along the backbone, some of its ability is transformed into heat. Therefore, it becomes weaker and weaker the farther it has to travel. For this reason there is a limit on the number of taps a bus can sup port and on the distance between those taps.Advantages of a bus topology include ease of installation. Backbone cable can be laid along the close to efficient path, then connected to the nodes by drop lines of various spaces. In this way, a bus uses less cabling than mesh, star, or tree topologies. In a star, for example, tetrad network devices in the equivalent room require four lengths of cable reaching all the way to the hub. In a bus, this wordiness is eliminated. Only the backbone cable stretches through the entire facility. for each one drop line has to reach only as far as the hot point on the backbone.tifsTmp12.tifFigure (12) Bus TopologyDisadvantages include difficult reconfiguration and fault isolation. A bus is usually designed to be optimally efficient at installation. It can therefore be difficult to add new devices. As mentioned above, signal ricochetion at the taps can cause degradation in look. This degradation can be controlled by limiting the number and s pacing of devices connected to a given length of cable. Adding new devices may therefore require modification or replacing of the backbone.In addition, a fault or geological fault in the bus cable stops all transmission, even between devices on the same side of the problem. The damaged area reflects signals back in the direction of origin, creating racquet in both directions.RingIn a ring topology, each device has a dedicated point-to-point line configuration only with the two devices on either side of it. A signal is passed along the ring in one direction, from device to device, until it reaches its destination. severally device in the ring incorporates a repeater. When a device receives a signal intended for another device, its repeater regenerates the bits and passes them along.A ring is relatively easy to install and reconfigure. Each device is linked only to its immediate neighbors (either physically or logically). To add or delete a device requires base only two connectio ns. The only constraints are media and traffic considerations (maximum ring length and number of devices). In addition, fault isolation is simplified. Generally in a ring, a signal is circulating at all times. If one device does not receive a signal within a specified period, it can anesthetize an alarm. The alarm alerts the network operator to the problem and its location.However, unidirectional traffic can be a disadvantage. In a simple ring, a break in the ring (such as a hinderd station) can disable the entire network. This weakness can be solved by apply a dual ring or a switch equal of closing off the break.tifsTemp 13.a.tifFigure (13) Ring TopologyOSI ModelThis ensample is based on a proposal developed by the planetary Standards Organization (ISO) as a first step toward international standardization of the protocols used in the various stages. The archetype is called the ISO-OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) Reference Model because it deals with connecting throw s ystemsthat is, systems that are open for communication with other systems. We will usually moreover call it the OSI model for short.The OSI model has seven molds. The principles that were applied to arrive at the seven socio-economic classs are as follows1. A layer should be created where a antithetical level of abstraction is needed.2. Each layer should fulfill a well-defined function.3. The function of each layer should be chosen with an sum toward defining internationally standardized protocols.4. The layer boundaries should be chosen to minimize the information race across the interfaces.5. The number of layers should be large abundant that distinct functions need not be thrown to imbibeher in the same layer out of necessity, and small enough that the architecture does not become unwieldy.Below we will discuss each layer of the model in turn, starting at the bottom layer. Note that the OSI model itself is not network architecture because it does not specify the exact se rvices and protocols to be used in each layer. It just tells what each layer should do. However, ISO has also produced standards for all the layers, although these are not part of the reference model itself. Each one has been published as a separate international standard.tifsTmp2-a.tifFigure (16) The OSI Reference ModelThe Physical stratumThe physical layer is have-to doe with with transmitting raw bits over a communication channel. The design telephone numbers have to do with making sure that when one side sends a 1 bit, it is received by the other side as a 1 bit, not as a 0 bit. Typical questions here are how some(prenominal) volts should be used to represent a 1 and how many for a 0, how many microseconds a bit lasts, whether transmission may occur simultaneously in both directions, how the initial connection is pointed and how it is part down when both sides are finished, and how many pins the network connector has and what each pin is used for. The design issues here largely deal with mechanical, electrical, and procedural interfaces, and the physical transmission medium, which lies below the physical layer.The Data Link LayerThe main task of the data link layer is to take a raw transmission facility and transform it into a line that appears promiscuous of undetected transmission errors to the network layer. It accomplishes this task by having the sender break the input data up into data configurations (typically a few degree centigrade or a few thousand bytes), transmit the frames sequentially, and process the quotation frames sent back by the receiver. Since the physical layer merely leads and transmits a stream of bits without any regard to meaning or structure, it is up to the data link layer to create and recognize frame boundaries. This can be accomplished by attaching special bit patterns to the beginning and end of the frame. If these bit patterns can accidentally occur in the data, special care must be taken to make sure these pat terns are not incorrectly interpreted as frame delimiters.A noise burst on the line can destroy a frame completely. In this case, the data link layer software on the source forge can retransmit the frame. However, multiple transmissions of the same frame introduce the possibility of twin frames. A duplicate frame could be sent if the ac make doledgement frame from the receiver back to the sender were lost. It is up to this layer to solve the problems caused by damaged, lost, and duplicate frames. The data link layer may offer several different service classes to the network layer, each of a different quality and with a different price.Another issue that arises in the data link layer (and almost of the higher layers is well) is how to cargo area a fast transmitter from drowning a slow receiver in data. Some traffic regularization mechanism must be employed to let the transmitter know how much buffer space the receiver has at the moment. Frequently, this descend command and t he error handling are integrated.If the line can be used to transmit data in both directions, this introduces a new complicatedness that the data link layer software must deal with. The problem is that the acknowledgement frames for A to B traffic compete for the use of the line with data frames for the B to A traffic.Broadcast networks have an additional issue in the data link layer to control access to the shared channel. A special, sub layer of the data link layer, the medium access sub layer, deals with this problem.The Network LayerThe network layer is concerned with supreme the operation of the subnet. A key design issue is determining how packets are routed from source to destination. Routes can be based on static tables that are wired into the network and rarely changed. They can also be hardened at the start of each intercourse, for example a terminal posing. Finally, they can be highly dynamic, being determined anew for each packet, to reflect the current network load. If too many packets are present in the subnet at the same time, they will get in each others way, forming bottlenecks. The control of such congestion also belongs to the network layer.Since the operators of the subnet may well look to remuneration for their efforts, there is often some accounting function construct into the network layer. At the very least, the software must count how many packets or each customer sends characters or bits, to produce billing information. When a packet crosses a national border, with different rates on each side, the accounting can become complicated.When a packet has to travel from one network to another to get to its destination, many problems can arise. The addressing used by the second network may be different from the first one. The second one may not accept the packet at all because it is too large. The protocols may differ, and so on. It is up to the network layer to castigate all these problems to allow heterogeneous networks to be interco nnected.In broadcast networks, the routing problem is simple, so the network layer is often thin or even nonexistent.The Transport LayerThe basic function of the bear layer is to accept data from the posing layer, split it up into smaller units if need be, pass these to the network layer, and ensure that the pieces all arrive correctly at the other end. Furthermore, all this must be done efficiently, and in a way that isolates the upper layers from the inevitable changes in the hardware technology.Under normal conditions, the canalize layer creates a distinct network connection for each channelize connection required by the session layer. If the station connection requires a high throughput, however, the ravish layer might create multiple network connections, dividing the data among the network connections to improve throughput. On the other hand, if creating or maintaining a network connection is expensive, the transport layer might multiplex several transport connections ont o the same network connection to reduce the cost. In all cases, the transport layer is required to make the multiplexing transparent to the session layer.The transport layer also determines what type of service to provide the session layer, and ultimately, the users of the network. The most popular type of transport connection is an error-free point-to-point channel that delivers messages or bytes in the order in which they were sent. However, other possible gentles of transport service are transport of isolated messages with no guarantee about the order of delivery, and beam of messages to multiple destinations. The type of service is determined when the connection is established.The transport layer is a true end-to-end layer, from source to destination, in other words, a program on the source elevator car carries on a conversation with a similar program on the destination machine, using the message headers and control messages. In the lower layers, the protocols are between eac h machine and its immediate neighbors, and not by the ultimate source and destination machines, which may be separated by many routers. There is a divergence between layers 1 through 3, which are chained, and layers 4 through 7, which are end-to-end. Many forcess are multi-programmed, which implies that multiple connections will be entering and divergence each host. Their needs to be some way to tell which message belong to which connection. The transport header is one place this information can be put.In addition to multiplexing several message streams onto one channel, the transport layer must take care of establishing and deleting connections across the network. This requires some kind of naming mechanism, so that a process on one machine has a way of describing with whom it wishes to converse. There must also be a mechanism to regulate the flow of information, so that a fast host cannot overrun a slow one. Such a mechanism is called flow control and plays a key role in the tr ansport layer (also in other layers). Flow control between hosts is distinct from flow control between routers, although we will later see that similar principles apply to both.The Session LayerThe session layer allows users on different machines to establish sessions between them. A session allows ordinary data transport, as does the transport layer, but it also provides enhanced services useful in some applications. A session might be used to allow a user to log into a contradictory timesharing system or to take out a file between two machines.One of the services of the session layer is to manage dialogue control. Sessions can allow traffic to go in both directions at the same time, or in only one direction at a time. If traffic can only go one way at a time (analogous to a single railroad track), the session layer can help keep track of whose turn it is.A related session service is relic management. For some protocols, it is essential that both sides do not attempt the same op eration at the same time. To manage these activities, the session layer provides tokens that can be exchanged. Only the side holding the token may perform the critical operation.Another session service is synchronization. Consider the problems that might occur when trying to do a 2-hour file transfer between two machines with a 1-hour mean time between crashes. After each transfer was aborted, the whole transfer would have to start over again and would belike fail again the next time as well. To eliminate this problem, the session layer provides a way to insert checkpoints into the data stream, so that after a crash, only the data transferred after the last checkpoint have to be repeated.The Presentation LayerThe video display layer performs certain functions that are pass sufficiently often to warrant finding a general solution for them, rather than letting each user solve the problems. In particular, unalike all the lower layers, which are just interested in moving bits reliabl y from here to there, the presentation layer is concerned with the syntax and semantics of the information transmitted.A typical example of a presentation service is encoding data in a standard agreed upon way. Most user programs do not exchange random binary bit strings. They exchange things such as peoples names, dates, amounts of money, and invoices. These items are represented as character strings, integers, floating-point numbers, and data structures composed of several simpler items. diametric computers have different codes for representing character strings, integers, and so on. In order to make it possible for computers with different representations to communicate, the data structures to be exchanged can be defined in an abstract way, along with a standard encoding to be used on the wire. The presentation layer manages these abstract data structures and converts from the representation used inside the computer to the network standard representation and back.The Applicatio n LayerThe application layer contains a variety of protocols that are commonly needed. For example, there are hundreds of irreconcilable terminal types in the world. Consider, the plight of a full screen editor in chief program that is supposed to work over a network with many different terminal types, each with different screen layouts, escape sequences for inserting and deleting text, involving the cursor, etc.One way to solve this problem is to define an abstract network practical(prenominal) terminal that editors and other programs can be written to deal with. To make out each terminal type, a piece of software must be written to map the functions of the network virtual terminal onto the real terminal. For example, when the editor moves the virtual terminals cursor to the upper left-hand corner of the screen, this software must issue the proper command sequence to the real terminal to get its cursor there too. All the virtual terminal software is in the application layer.Ano ther application layer function is file transfer. Different file systems have different file naming conventions, different ship canal of representing text lines, and so on. Transferring a file between two different systems requires handling these and other incompatibilities. This work, too, belongs to the application layer, as do electronic mail, remote job entry, directory lookup, and various other general purpose and special-purpose facilities.

Learning Temperance in Homer’s Odyssey Essay -- Odyssey

Learning Temperance in Homers OdysseyBeing a cause of importance in the western tradition of philosophy, The Odyssey is much more than some play scripted by Homer ages ago. Though The Odyssey certainly is a dramatic work and partially intended for entertainment, it too provides insight into the ways of thinking of the judgment of conviction it has been written in. Aside from illustrating the perspective of early Greek philosophy The Odyssey also raises certain questions pertaining to virtues and the morality of actions undertaken therein. Such questions and the pursuit of their answers may also data track to a better understanding of the actions taken in present-day indian lodge and the human condition in general. One of the virtues that is present throughout The Odyssey is soberness, or the lack thereof. In the course of Odysseus journey, numerous events take place which be determined by the actions of Odysseus himself, as well as those of his shipmates. In fact, the d esign here is to portray how the delays and troubles acquireed by Odysseus and his crew are due to their inability to exhibit proper self-restraint in conduct, expression, and indulgence of the appetites. This is undertaken in the operation text by an examination of two specific circumstances from Homers The Odyssey. The first episode being Book X of The Odyssey, entitled The Grace of the Witch, containing Odysseus encounter with the goddess Kirke. The second being Book V under the title of sugary Nymph and Open Sea, of how Odysseus departs the island of the nymph Kalypso. Both episodes are intended to prove the importance of temperance in the journeys of Odysseus.Prior to a discussion of how temperance affects The Odyssey, it is good to discuss the concept of... ...ry for him to limit the virtue of temperance. If he is not able to moderate his impulses towards revenge, feasting, and lovely goddesses, then he shall always be doomed to roam upon the wine dark seas. Obvi ously he does learn this, since he does return to Ithaka without being smitten down by the gods, yet he returns a different Odysseus. The new Odysseus realizes that there is more to quick than a feast of roast meats and wine each night before the flawless bed of love of a lovely goddess. The new Odysseus wipes a salt tear from his cheek at the sight of an old blackguard that lays neglected (17.394).Works Cited Baird, Forrest E., and Walter Kaufman. Aristotle. Ancient Philosophy. 3rd ed. Philosophic Classics, vols. 1. Upper weight down River Prentice Hall, 2000. 304 - 444.Homer. The Odyssey. Trans. Robert Fitzgerald. New York Farrar Straus Giroux, 1998.

Society’s Expectations of Manhood in Faulkner’s The Unvanquished Essay

high societys Expectations of Manhood in Faulkners The UnvanquishedIn The Unvanquished, William Faulkner casts the teller of the novel as an adult look back on his boyhood. other(a) on, the author takes for grant that the actions he describes at the beginning of the story ar recognizable to his audience as things boys do. Then, tailfin p festers into the novel, the narrator tells us his age at the time the story occurs, that he is a boy on the cusp of becoming a teenager. victimisation this narrative strategy allows Faulkner to watch over the civic War from the perspective of a son whose father is a Confederate officer and plantation owner. Faulkner lights-out into southern societys expectations of manhood in The Unvanquished. Regardless of the extension in which he is born, a man from that peculiar region to a lower place the old Mason-Dixon Line moldiness be acquainted with at least(prenominal) some of the history of the Civil War. Faulkner app arntly takes this tacit maxim for granted in the first few pages of his novel. We encounter two boys pretending they are in Vicksburg, Mississippi. We know they are not really in tha... corporations Expectations of Manhood in Faulkners The Unvanquished EssaySocietys Expectations of Manhood in Faulkners The UnvanquishedIn The Unvanquished, William Faulkner casts the narrator of the novel as an adult looking back on his boyhood. Early on, the author takes for granted that the actions he describes at the beginning of the story are recognizable to his audience as things boys do. Then, five pages into the novel, the narrator tells us his age at the time the story occurs, that he is a boy on the cusp of becoming a teenager. Using this narrative strategy allows Faulkner to view the Civil War from the perspective of a son whose father is a Confederate officer and plantation owner. Faulkner taps into southern societys expectations of manhood in The Unvanquished. Regardless of the generation in whic h he is born, a man from that peculiar region below the old Mason-Dixon Line must be acquainted with at least some of the history of the Civil War. Faulkner apparently takes this tacit maxim for granted in the first few pages of his novel. We encounter two boys pretending they are in Vicksburg, Mississippi. We know they are not really in tha...

A Brief History of Lawrence Ferlinghetti :: Writers Poetry Poets Essays

A Brief History of Lawrence FerlinghettiA prominent vocalize of the wide-open poetry suit that began in the1950s, Lawrence Ferlinghetti has written poetry, translation, fiction,theater, art criticism, contract narration, and essays. Often concernedwith politics and social issues, Ferlinghettis poetry countered theliterary elites definition of art and the artists role in the world.Though imbued with the commonplace, his poetry cannot be simplydescribed as polemic or personal protest, for it stands on hiscraftsmanship, thematics, and grounding intradition. Ferlinghetti was born in Yonkers in 1919, son of Carlo Ferlinghettiwho was from the body politic of Brescia and Clemence AlbertineMendes-Monsanto. Following his undergraduate years at the Universityof North Carolina at chapel Hill, he served in the U.S. Navy in WorldWar II as a ships commander. He received a Masters degree fromColumbia University in 1947 and a Doctorate de lUniversit de capital of France(Sorbonne) in 1950. From 1951 to 1953, when he settled in SanFrancisco, he taught French in an adult education program, painted,and wrote art criticism. In 1953, with Peter D. Martin, he founded urban center Lights Bookstore, the first all-paperbound bookshop in thecountry, and by 1955 he had launched the city Lights takings house.The bookstore has served for half a century as a impact place forwriters, artists, and intellectuals. City Lights Publishers began withthe Pocket Poets Series, through which Ferlinghetti aimed to create aninternational, dissident ferment. His return of Allen GinsbergsHowl in 1956 led to his arrest on obscenity charges, and the trialthat followed drew national attention to the San Francisco Renaissanceand Beat movement writers. (He was overwhelmingly supported byprestigious literary and academic figures, and was acquitted.) This edge First Amendment case established a legal precedent for thepublication of controversial work with redeeming social importance.Ferlinghettis paint ings have been shown at various galleries aroundthe world, from the Butler Museum of American Painting to Il Palazzodelle Esposizioni in Rome. He has been associated with theinternational Fluxus movement through the Archivio Francesco Conz inVerona. He has toured Italy, natural endowment poetry readings in Roma, Napoli,Bologna, Firenze, Milano, Verona, Brescia, Cagliari, Torino, Venezia,and Sicilia. He won the Premio Taormino in 1973, and since then hasbeen awarded the Premio Camaiore, the Premio Flaiano, the PremioCavour. among others. He is published in Italy by Oscar Mondadori,City Lights Italia, and Minimum Fax. He was implemental in arrangingextensive poetry tours in Italy produced by City Lights Italia inFirenze. He has translated from the Italian Pier Paolo Pasolins PoemiRomani, which is published by City Lights Books. In San Francisco, hiswork can regularly be seen at the George Krevsky Gallery at 77 Geary

E-commerce :: essays research papers

Business and the cybers footprintThe foregone several age have mark a time which is comparable to(predicate) to the coming of television and the radio. The cyberspace has heavy(a) from a simple manner to send messages to and from two opposite calculating machines with unlike operating systems, known as the beginning of E-Mail, to a delegacy to conduct and buy products just identical in the tangible world. This article explains that the Internet or Web mustiness be reckoned in dog years, because the pace of change is so unshakable that one year on the Internet is like seven years in any other medium. cardinal million households connected to the " winnings" weed be a huge market for any line of products willing and ready to scoop it up. By the year 2000, the projection is that northeastern America will have 38 million online households, one trio of all households.The conclude, or thesis, of the article is the head teacher of whether the Web should be ut ilise for information purposes, or for a brisk marketplace in this expanding goldmine of information.The potential for traffices is enormous. Fifteen million battalion is a precise colossal consumer marketplace. Consumers atomic physique 18 not the unaccompanied ones " surfriding" around for info. Businesses also taper on other companies to sell their products. widely distributed Electric sold elevator car and appliance parts using a new credit line to business technology called "extranet". GE used its favored "extranet" to roll in 1996 online gross sales of one billion dollars. Another very successful type of business on the net is the coming of run backed by research, such(prenominal) as discount stock trading, including e.Schwab and a Web-only company called E*Trade. fail function have been very smart because the transactions can be supported by extensive computer databases of useful information.The Web is in particular effective at sel ling services backed by research. The reasoning behind the financial services victorious up the Web is the occurrence that they are backed up by extensive research.The main shake up with the Web and its growth is the concern of senseless information and crackpot theories masquerading as facts. The Web is flooded with many different kinds of businesses and "personal" Web pages which could demoralise the consumer into believing false information. The only way to combat this problem is to commit "brand name" business and services. The only way to tell if you can trust a site or business is to have prior interaction with this company. As the web expands and the number of "companies" grows, brand names that are known will become increasingly more important.E-commerce essays research cover Business and the InternetThe past several years have marked a time which is comparable to the coming of television and the radio. The Internet has grown from a simple way to send messages to and from two different computers with different operating systems, known as the beginning of E-Mail, to a way to sell and buy products just like in the tangible world. This article explains that the Internet or Web must be reckoned in dog years, because the pace of change is so fast that one year on the Internet is like seven years in any other medium. Fifteen million households connected to the "Net" can be a large market for any business willing and ready to scoop it up. By the year 2000, the projection is that North America will have 38 million online households, one third of all households.The reasoning, or thesis, of the article is the question of whether the Web should be used for information purposes, or for a new marketplace in this expanding goldmine of information.The potential for businesses is enormous. Fifteen million people is a very large consumer marketplace. Consumers are not the only ones "surfing" around for info. Businesses also focus on other companies to sell their products. General Electric sold machine and appliance parts using a new business to business technology called "extranet". GE used its successful "extranet" to roll in 1996 online sales of one billion dollars. Another very successful type of business on the net is the coming of services backed by research, such as discount stock trading, including e.Schwab and a Web-only company called E*Trade. Travel services have been very promising because the transactions can be supported by extensive computer databases of useful information.The Web is particularly effective at selling services backed by research. The reasoning behind the financial services taking up the Web is the fact that they are backed up by extensive research.The main worry with the Web and its growth is the concern of false information and crackpot theories masquerading as facts. The Web is flooded with many different kinds of businesses and "personal" W eb pages which could mislead the consumer into believing false information. The only way to combat this problem is to trust "brand name" business and services. The only way to tell if you can trust a site or business is to have previous interaction with this company. As the web expands and the number of "companies" grows, brand names that are known will become progressively more important.

Essay on the Conflicts, Climax and Resolution in Rappaccini’s Daughter

The Conflicts, Climax and Resolution in The Rappaccinis little girl This essay will analyze Nathaniel Hawthornes The Rappaccinis Daughter to descend the conflicts in the tale, their climax and resolution, using the essays of literary critics to help in this interpretation. In the opinion of this reader, the central conflict the relation between the protagonist and opposite usually(Abrams 225) - in the tale is an internal one within Giovanni between his have it off for Beatrice and his Puritan belief in the depravity of man. His love for the beautiful young woman blinds him to various indications of her poisonous nature, to the evil nature of her aim and to the intent of her father to involve Giovanni as a subject in his sinister experiment. An intermixture of lesser conflicts ensue Professor Baglionis battle against Rappaccini Beatrices rubbish against her father Beatrices battle against her power to kill and in estimate of the power to love, etc. The tale takes place in Padua, Italy, where a Naples bookman named Giovanni Guascanti has re find in order to attend the medical school there. His underage room is in an old mansion watched over by the landlady, dame Lisabetta, a two-dimensional character given to religious expletives like, Holy Virgin, signor She seeks to make the customer content with his lodging she answers Giovannis curiosity about a garden next-door No that garden is cultivated by the have got hands of Signor Giacomo Rappaccini, the famous doctor. . . . Giovanni in his room can chance on the water gurgling in Dr. Rappaccinis garden, from an ancient marble fountain located in the center of the plants and bushes of particular interest to Giovanni is one shrub i... ... Beatrice dies, the despicable victim of mans ingenuity and of thwarted nature, at the feet of her father and Giovanni. The catastrophe is that everyone loses draw out Beatrice the doctor loses a daughter and specimen Giovanni loses a lifetime match and requi res isolation from people as Beatrice did Baglioni loses an intelligent student even the landlady loses a renter. WORKS CITED Abrams, M. H. A Glossary of Literary Terms, 7th ed. young York Harcourt perk up College Publishers, 1999. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. Rappaccinis Daughter. ElectronicText Center. University of Virginia Library. http//etext.lib.virginia.edu/etcbin/browse-mixed-new?id=HawRapp&images=images/modeng&data=/texts/english/modeng/parsed&tag=public Kazin, Alfred. Introduction. Selected Short Stories of Nathaniel Hawthorne. New York Fawcett Premier, 1966.

Essay --

Christopher MiliotesMichael JordanMichael Jeffrey Jordan was natural on February 17, 1963 in Brooklyn, New York. When Michael was still a toddler he and his family moved to Wilmington, North Carolina. Michael was the fourth of five children. He had two older brothers, James Jr. and Larry, one older sister, Deloris, and one younger sister, Roslyn. Michaels dad, James Sr. Jordan, worked for General Electric, and Michaels mother, Deloris Jordan, who worked at The unite Carolina posit as the head teller. Michael always wanted to be a nonrecreational athlete. Once when he was nine years old he watched the United States lose to Russia in the Olympic Games in hoops. He then told his mommy that he would win a gold medal in Basketball at Olympic Games. When Michael was twelve he pitched two no hitters in the Wilmington, North Carolina Little League. His little league team went on and almost made it to the Little League World Series. Michael attended Emsley A. Laney full(pren ominal) School in Wilmington. In high school Michael played baseball, football, and basketball. In his Sophomore Michael and Harvest Leroy Smith, Michaels best friend, were invited to try out for the varsity team. At the time Michael was five feet nine inches and his friend, Harvest Smith, was six feet six inches. Harvest Smith ended up making the team, but Michael was cut. Michael went inhabitancy and cried. Micheal later said that that was the worst day of his childhood. Michael was put on the immature varsity team. Although Michael didnt make the varsity team the head coach, Clifton keynote Herring saw Michaels potential. Coach Herring only lived a block away from Michael so he took Michael to school everyday an minute of arc before school started. This gave Michael a gre... ...t games. Chicagos regular duration record was 57-35. The Bulls cruised through the playoffs and made it to the finals. They were playing the capital of Arizona Suns. Chicago had win three games and Phoenix had won two. They score of the final game was 96-98, Phoenix was winning, but with 3.9 seconds left John Paxson, from Chicago, hit a three dit shot to put the Bulls up 99-98. Michael and the Bulls had done it, they had won a tertiary consecutive NBA championship. The year the year Bulls had drafted Michael Jordan the franchise was outlay 18.7 million dollars and later on he won his third consecutive NBA championship the Bulls franchise was worth 200 million dollars.In the July of 1993, there was a tradgety in Michael Jordans life. His father was murdered. Michaels father, James, was driving to Charlotte where he was going to catch a plane to go see Michael in Chicago.

Windows 2000 :: Free Essay Writer

Windows 2000Windows NT Workstation 5.0 is now called Windows 2000 ProfessionalWindows NT server 5.0 is now Windows 2000 ServerWindows NT Server Enterprise Edition becomes Windows 2000 Advanced ServerPlus in that respect is a invigorated offering Windows 2000 Datacenter ServerWindows 2000 Professional result be limited to support only two processors. Windows 2000 Server will be able to support up to four processors.Windows 2000 Advanced Server will support up to eight processors.And Windows 2000 Datacenter Server will support up to 32 processors and additional clustering functions.It is recommended to have at least 64 MB RAM and 700- 900MB of disc space for Professional and even to a greater extent for the other packages. For multi-processor configurations, 128MB of memory should be considered minimum.Adobe had helped develop a impudently font called OpenType. That font builds Type 1 and TrueType capabilities into the OS.The new Find contain will allow the substance ab exploiter to search for available printers on the meshwork. You chamberpot specify search criteria to locate all the colouring material printers on the network and then narrow the search by say, the tabloid-size color printer nigh you. Then, with a right click, the systen installs the printer driver, downloads a color vigilance bend profile automatically and youre ready to print. It also has been revamped to now let out graphical previews of found graphic images. It also offers a number of Internet-savvy takes, uncluding see web links and Net searching.It has a new color management system developed by Linotype-Hell to produce system wide color management that will also extend to Internet Explorer, so that online purchases will result in the color the customer expects.Quark a former Mac-only product is now being ported for Windows.The most obvious new feature of Windows 2000 is its so-called intelligent menus, which remember a users most-used selections. Thus, Windows 2000 learns to hide commands you dont use often, although these hidden items give notice be seen by simply pausing at the Start Menu cultivation for a few seconds.There is a brand new turn of events Manager that, combined with its plug and play hardware detection and outsize list of supported hardware, makes it a huge improvement over NT in overall hardware compatibility. New hardware supported it Windows 2000 Accelerated fine art Port (AGP), DVD, FireWire (IEEE 1394), USB Devices, Advanced Configurable Power Interface (ACPI), Multiple monitors, etc.IntelliMirror feature the ability to automatically restore uninstalled drivers, deleted DLLs, and other user settings, even if the users machine is replaced with a different one.

The Gallant Boys of Gettysburg :: essays research papers

The story I take in took place mostly at the Battle of Gettysburg. tom and Jeff Majors had precisely enrolled in the collaborator army. tomcat enrolled as a private and Jeff as a drummer boy. Their dad, Nelson Majors, who had been in the army for quite some time, had just been promoted to Major. turkey cock and Jeff were appointed to their fathers unit. They fought in the Battle of Gettysburg which was the worst battle of the Civil War. The ending total for the battle was great. The Union and the Confederates lost a total of 18,000 custody each. During the worst part of the battle, a shell hit turkey cocks leg. Jeff immediately carried him to the athletic sketch doctor. The doctor told gobbler that his leg would have to be cut off. The Confederate army was being beaten back by the Union and they had to retreat. That meant that Tom was put on a wagon and carried away. Tom knew there was picayune chance of him surviving the ride. Jeff had an idea to take Tom to the Poteet s house. They had eaten with them before the battle. The Poteets gladly agreed to keep Tom for a short while at their house. Jeff and Nelson Majors were very happy that Tom could stay with them. When Toms leg was healed, he and Jeff went back to Kentucky where their family was from. When they got home there was a big welcome dinner. A letter came a few days later telling Jeff that he would need to go back to the army. When Jeff got back, he and his dad talked about how Tom was doing and the rest of the family. After that, the story ends just as they were about to go fight another battle.The predominate conflict in The Gallant Boys of Gettysburg occurred when Tom was hit by a shell from the Union army. Jeff turned and maxim Tom rolling and rolling on the ground. When Jeff got there, he saw that it had laid low(p) Toms leg. He quickly tied a bandage on it to jibe the bleeding. Jeff told Tom that he would have to instantly see a field doctor. The doctor told Tom that his leg would h ave to be taken off. When Jeff and Tom arrived at their home in Kentucky, Sarah, Toms girlfriend, saw what had happened to his leg.

Military Leaders in Developing Countries Essay -- Military Politics Ar

Military Leaders in ontogeny CountriesThe role of the armament in any bucolic is integrity of prestige. Unless having been through it personally, one could not imagine willingly subjecting oneself to the rigorous training authentic by so many young men and women today. The role vie by the military is always to protect, defend, and assist its country in both(prenominal) war and peacetime, but in developing nations there are quite an different roles as well. To be a leader in the arm forces, one must be strong both physically and psychogenicly, as well as having a certain charisma, or skill with people. This is authorized because in order to lead, one must appeal to those he or she is leading. Not only does a developing country have build up forces for defense, but on occasion, the leadership of third world militaries use them for the take conquer of their own government. Currently serving as a soldier(reservist), I f disappointpot identify with the saying, spilling blo od in the mud , as we are trained, contracted, and blaspheme to do so on command, but if ever asked to help intention or execute an act against our government, I would be appalled. This is exactly what several(prenominal) third world country military officers have done. Momar Quadaffi was a lieutenant in the Libyan military and with the help of some other lower ranking officers, he successfully staged a revolution. Which is not at all bad because he is so popular he preempt drive around in his Volkswagen Convertible without any type of certification but could you imagine Bill Clinton riding a bike down Pennsylvania Avenue without the secret service along for the ride ( I apologize if I have just created a bad kind image)? The point is, where on earth could a group of officers secretly bond together and overthrow the government, oth... ...itself. One could make several connections between Castros military background and government. In conclusion, there are many ideals and vir tues that are instilled when one goes through formal military training, and these involve leadership, charisma, and a fair hotshot of judgment. All of these virtues can be shown in several developing nations leaders as they themselves have gone through rigorous physical and mental training in order to help them better defend their country and its way of life. Though each leader may differ in terms of race, color, creed, or culture, their primary objective and ideologies are quite similar. patch each leader has his or her countrys best interest at touchwood when making policies and decisions that have long-standing ramifications, one can be assured that these leaders and their policies are based upon their firm military training.

History of Swimming :: essays research papers fc

HISTORY OF smoothSwimming was invented before recorded history. Humans discovered how toswim by accident. A person probably fell into the piss and struggled to shore development adog-paddle stroke. on that point was an Egyptian hieroglyph for travel dating from 2500BC. The ancient Greeks and Romans made swimming an important part of their militarytraining programs. There have been known swimming contests that were organized inJapan as early as the 1st century BC.During the Middle Ages in Europe, swimming declined in popularity. People feltthat the water was contaminated and a ascendant of disease. Not everyone feared the water,however, Louis XI reportedly swam daily in the Seine.During the early nineteenth century, swimming enjoyed a revival, especially in England,Lord Byron swam the Dardanelles river, to prove that the unreal hero Leandercould have done it. Organized competitive swimming began in England in the 1840s.In 1844 the British were surprised when two American India ns demo theefficiency of a method of swimming similar to the unexampled crawl. The British still swamwith the head above the water, a holdover from the days when battalion believed that thewater was contaminated. An overhand stroke was introduced into England in 1873 by J. Arthur Trudgen,who had seen South American Indians using this method to swim really close. When theflutter kick was introduced, the modern "Australian crawl was born, and this stroke hassince become the most common and most important swimming stroke.FITNESS COMPONENTSTo swim well u sine qua non to know how to coordinate your arms and legs to get youthrough the water. At depression you will probably need to have lessons. Also to swim u needagility and just gravity. Swimming also requires balance and facility in some cases.Not much is needed to know if you unavoidableness to swim.Swimming improves heart and lung efficiency, enhances muscle strength andendurance, improves flexibility, and reduces stress. Its easy on the joints, and uses moremuscles than most other forms of exercise. Although swimming burns a large(p) deal ofcalories, recreational swimmers tend to lose less weight than would be expected fromother types of aerobic activity. Scientists say that cold water removes groove from the body,stimulating appetite to keep the body warm. Exposure to cold water may encourage thebody to maintain fat stores for insulation. To lose weight by swimming, its necessary tocut down on the calories you eat, and to swim fast enough and long enough. Swimming can burn more than 660 calories an mo when performed correctly and causes less injuries to joints and muscles than aerobics or jogging.

Walk Across America Response Paper -- essays research papers

Walk Across America Response write upIn Walk Across America, Peter Jenkins takes a cross field walk to rediscover himself and the nation. In his journeys, he crosses through various states and meets more different kinds of people. From naked York to fresh Orleans, Peter treks around this great estate of ours and falls back in love with the place that he has called national for his entire life. After losing faith in the hypocrisy of America and how we are perceived around the world, Pete wants to find out what everyone thinks is so great close the coarse. He and his dog Cooper are set to give the sphere one last chance before they pack up their terrestrial goods and change scenery for good. After being introduced to the humble livings of a slug shiner in the Tennessee mountains, living with an African American family and finally remittal down in a dorm room in New Orleans, Peter finds what he is looking for, but continues his journey onward (though not in this book). Th e book to me is all slightly the relationships that he forms and the heros that he makes on the way. The relationship shared between this man and his dog is one of concentrated love and mutual admiration. Cooper and Peter are a rack up made in heaven. The Alaskan malamute is what he calls his forever whiz. On numerous different occasions, Coop saves his life. From a run in with a pack of wild dogs to the inspiration that he provided to Peter on a daily basis, Coop... Walk Across America Response story -- essays research papers Walk Across America Response newsprintIn Walk Across America, Peter Jenkins takes a cross kingdom walk to rediscover himself and the nation. In his journeys, he crosses through various states and meets many different kinds of people. From New York to New Orleans, Peter treks around this great kingdom of ours and falls back in love with the place that he has called dwelling house for his entire life. After losing faith in the hypocri sy of America and how we are perceived around the world, Pete wants to find out what everyone thinks is so great about the country. He and his dog Cooper are set to give the country one last chance before they pack up their worldly goods and change scenery for good. After being introduced to the humble livings of a mope shiner in the Tennessee mountains, living with an African American family and finally subsiding down in a dorm room in New Orleans, Peter finds what he is looking for, but continues his journey onward (though not in this book). The book to me is all about the relationships that he forms and the friends that he makes along the way. The relationship shared between this man and his dog is one of unrelenting love and mutual admiration. Cooper and Peter are a mark off made in heaven. The Alaskan malamute is what he calls his forever friend. On many different occasions, Coop saves his life. From a run in with a pack of wild dogs to the inspiration that he provided to P eter on a daily basis, Coop...

Kinesthesis in Science :: Graduate Admissions Essays

Kinesthesis in Science   Especially to the uninitiated, learning accomplishment can be daunting. A primary contri barelyion to this problem is the particular that too often science lectures are overly pissal, and they employ a notation--namely the language of math-which ostensibly is transparent to only an elite few. The belief nookie my remedy to this difficulty is that any physical problem, as well as all of the associated pretense, can be rendered not only intelligible but even pleasurable if the student first achieves a gut reek of the physical situation. Put plainly, all of the math in any science class makes sense if the student first has an intuitive mental celluloid of exactly what is going on. Once this physical picture is in place, it serves as a framework upon which the formal discourse can hang. And when the formal treatment flows intelligibly with a students gut picture of the situation, the subsequent sense of cortical potential is no less than thrilling.   So how to instill this essential physical picture? I have found that getting students up discover of their chairs and physically acting out a problem, though it may feel ridiculous, is an improbably effective tool for instilling a gut-level physical intuition closely any scientific situation. Need to understand tides? Link hands and form a circle to represent the Earths hydrosphere. Pick volunteers for the sun and the moon. Distort the gentlemans gentleman hydrosphere appropriately, then let each student stand in the middle, be the Earth, physically witnessing the succession of high and low tides. Though it may start laughable at first glance, actually acting out a given situation instills the physical sense of why behind the formalism to come. Once this instinct is in place, the rest of the discussion is well-motivated, and the formalism allow for make sense. Moreover, it is very unlikely that a student will block one of these exercises. I have found that retention o f material so introduced is near perfect.   As an ancillary benefit, the mere fact that the students are out of their seats during these human models, moving and laughing and bumping into each other, serves extraordinarily in effect to obliterate the impetus against asking questions in the schoolroom. The students have already felt up silly and seen their instructor acting silly. In that respect, everyone is on equal footing, and the classroom becomes a safe environment for verbalizing concerns. Additionally, the enhanced physical and verbal interaction involved in kinesthetic modeling enormously smoothes the implementation of accommodative learning, since the ice, so to speak, has long been broken.

Abortion :: essays papers

AbortionEffects of RU-486 Women who become significant and do not wish to arouse the child nowadays suffer a new option, RU-486. When the abortion pill is taken, it has some effects on the womanly personate, the main superstar being the block up of the pregency, and some women have negative physical aspects, and finally some psychological ones also.RU-486 (abortion pill) is suppose to end the pregnecy and this is how it works. The first pill when taken works by blocking the progesterone, the female hormone made by the ovary. Progesterone is required to maintain feel for the fetus. When they argon blocked, the developing mess up dies. Next pill prostaglandin that causes uterine contractions pushes the baby out (Giovanna 191-197). Although the pill may sound like a keen idea, it does have some bad effects as well. Some of the dangers of RU-486 are severe bleeding, cramps, and diarrhea. The main effect that causes the most damage to the female body is sever e bleeding. It has been noted that the average bleeding for most women is ten days. In some instances the patient had to be given a blood transfusion. In rare situations there have been two heart attacks and one finis (RU 486 DANGERS AND RISKS 1-2). The abortion pill is not perfect. Sometimes it doesnt work and if the unhatched child is carried to term it can be born with severe disabilities. so women who received RU-486 and it did not work have to have the surgical abortion (RU-486 A DEADLY DRUG 1-3). The psychological effects of RU-486 can be hard on women also. At first when the pill came around to atomic number 63 in 1991 women who received the people were sent home to deliver their curtly fetus. Can you imagine what this could do to a woman? I asked one woman, what she thought about it and she said, It would have torn me apart and thats pull in (Masters, Amanda, interview, 7 November 2000). Most women are reluctant to get an abortion anyhow and to be put though such emot ional turmoil. Maybe this is why only six-percent of women in England use this method of abortion.The RU-486 abortion pill is now an option that pregnant women have.